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Non-volatile particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells

机译:飞机怠速时飞机涡轮发动机的非挥发性颗粒物排放会在支气管细胞中引起氧化应激

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摘要

Aircraft emissions contribute to local and global air pollution. Health effects of particulate matter (PM) from aircraft engines are largely unknown, since controlled cell exposures at relevant conditions are challenging. We examined the toxicity of non-volatile PM (nvPM) emissions from a CFM56-7B26 turbofan, the world’s most used aircraft turbine using an unprecedented exposure setup. We combined direct turbine-exhaust sampling under realistic engine operating conditions and the Nano-Aerosol Chamber for In vitro Toxicity to deposit particles onto air–liquid-interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at physiological conditions. We evaluated acute cellular responses after 1-h exposures to diluted exhaust from conventional or alternative fuel combustion. We show that single, short-term exposures to nvPM impair bronchial epithelial cells, and PM from conventional fuel at ground-idle conditions is the most hazardous. Electron microscopy of soot reveals varying reactivity matching the observed cellular responses. Stronger responses at lower mass concentrations suggest that additional metrics are necessary to evaluate health risks of this increasingly important emission source.
机译:飞机排放物造成本地和全球空气污染。由于在相关条件下控制细胞暴露具有挑战性,因此飞机发动机颗粒物(PM)对健康的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。我们检查了CFM56-7B26涡轮风扇中的非挥发性PM(nvPM)排放的毒性,该CFM56-7B26涡轮风扇是世界上使用频率最高的飞机涡轮,使用了前所未有的暴露设置。我们结合了在实际发动机运行条件下的直接涡轮排气采样和用于体外毒性的纳米气溶胶腔室,以在生理条件下将颗粒沉积到人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)的气液界面培养物中。我们评估了暴露于常规或替代燃料燃烧产生的稀薄排气中1小时后的急性细胞反应。我们表明,nvPM的单个,短期暴露会损害支气管上皮细胞,而地面空转情况下常规燃料中的PM最危险。烟尘的电子显微镜显示反应性与观察到的细胞反应相匹配。在较低的质量浓度下,较强的响应表明,必须使用其他指标来评估这种日益重要的排放源的健康风险。

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