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In vitro differentiation of germ cells from stem cells: a comparison between primordial germ cells and in vitro derived primordial germ cell-like cells

机译：生殖细胞与干细胞的体外分化：原始生殖细胞与体外衍生的原始生殖细胞样细胞之间的比较

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摘要

Stem cells are unique cell types capable to proliferate, some of them indefinitely, while maintaining the ability to differentiate into a few or any cell lineages. In 2003, a group headed by Hans R. Schöler reported that oocyte-like cells could be produced from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. After more than 10 years, where have these researches reached? Which are the major successes achieved and the problems still remaining to be solved? Although during the last years, many reviews have been published about these topics, in the present work, we will focus on an aspect that has been little considered so far, namely a strict comparison between the in vitro and in vivo developmental capabilities of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from the embryo and the PGC-like cells (PGC-LCs) produced in vitro from different types of stem cells in the mouse, the species in which most investigation has been carried out. Actually, the formation and differentiation of PGCs are crucial for both male and female gametogenesis, and the faithful production of PGCs in vitro represents the basis for obtaining functional germ cells.
机译：干细胞是独特的细胞类型，能够无限增殖，同时保持分化为少数或任何细胞谱系的能力。在2003年，由Hans R.Schöler领导的小组报告说，可以在体外从小鼠胚胎干（ES）细胞产生类卵母细胞。十多年来，这些研究到达了哪里？取得了哪些主要成就，还有哪些问题尚待解决？尽管在过去的几年中，已经发表了许多有关这些主题的评论，但在当前的工作中，我们将专注于迄今为止很少考虑的一个方面，即原始动物的体外和体内发育能力之间的严格比较。从胚胎中分离出的生殖细胞（PGC）和从小鼠中不同类型的干细胞体外产生的PGC类细胞（PGC-LC），已经在其中进行了最多的研究。实际上，PGC的形成和分化对于雄性和雌性配子发生均至关重要，并且体外忠实地生产PGC代表了获得功能性生殖细胞的基础。

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