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What did Sun Yat-sen really die of? A re-assessment of his illness and the cause of his death

机译：孙中山到底死了什么？重新评估他的病情和死亡原因

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摘要

This year is the 150th anniversary of the birth of Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866) and the 91st year following his death (March 12, 1925). It generally has been believed that the cause of his death was “liver cancer.” However, as indicated in the official autopsy report, dated March 13, 1925, of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) in Beijing, the cause of his death in reality was an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with direct extension to the liver and diaphragm as well as widespread metastases to the peritoneal cavity. This important piece of information seems to have never been reported in the English language literature, and it was only in 2013 that the true cause of his death was stated in a one-line sentence in a non-medical Chinese online source. It had been mistakenly believed that the cause of Dr. Sun’s death was liver cancer, based on the observations made following an exploratory laparotomy, which had been performed at PUMCH on January 26, 1925. The purpose of this short report is to provide more details relating to his terminal illness and to correct the historical record for a medical audience as to the cause of the death of Sun Yat-sen, a very important figure in the history of 20th century China.
机译：今年是孙中山先生诞辰150周年（1866年11月12日），去世后的第91年（1925年3月12日）。人们普遍认为他的死因是“肝癌”。然而，正如1925年3月13日在北京协和医院的官方尸检报告所指出的那样，他的死亡原因实际上是胆囊腺癌，并直接延伸至肝脏和diaphragm肌以及广泛转移到腹膜腔。似乎从未在英语文献中报道过这一重要信息，只是在2013年，他的死亡的真正原因才在非医学中文在线资源中用单行句子陈述。根据1925年1月26日在PUMCH进行的探索性剖腹手术后的观察结果，错误地认为Sun博士的死因是肝癌。本简短报告的目的是提供更多详细信息与他的绝症有关，并更正了医学界关于孙中山先生死因的历史记录，孙中山先生是20世纪中国历史上非常重要的人物。

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