• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Bulletin of the World Health Organization >Guidelines for the microbiological quality of treated wastewater used in agriculture: recommendations for revising WHO guidelines.
【2h】

Guidelines for the microbiological quality of treated wastewater used in agriculture: recommendations for revising WHO guidelines.

机译：农业中使用的处理过的废水的微生物质量准则：修订WHO准则的建议。

代理获取
本网站仅为用户提供外文OA文献查询和代理获取服务，本网站没有原文。下单后我们将采用程序或人工为您竭诚获取高质量的原文，但由于OA文献来源多样且变更频繁，仍可能出现获取不到、文献不完整或与标题不符等情况，如果获取不到我们将提供退款服务。请知悉。
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Three different approaches for establishing guidelines for the microbiological quality of treated wastewater that is reused for agriculture are reviewed. These approaches have different objectives as their outcomes: the absence of faecal indicator organisms in the wastewater, the absence of a measurable excess of cases of enteric disease in the exposed population and a model-generated estimated risk below a defined acceptable risk. If the second approach (using empirical epidemiological studies supplemented by microbiological studies of the transmission of pathogens) is used in conjunction with the third approach (using a model-based quantitative risk assessment for selected pathogens) a powerful tool is produced that aids the development of regulations. This combined approach is more cost-effective than the first approach and adequately protects public health. The guideline limit for faecal coliform bacteria in unrestricted irrigation (< or = 1000 faecal coliform bacteria/ 100 ml) is valid, but for restricted irrigation < or = 10(5) faecal coliform bacteria/100 ml is recommended when adult farmworkers are exposed to spray irrigation. A limit of < or = 10(3) faecal coliform bacteria/100 ml is recommended if flood irrigation is used or children are exposed. The guideline limit for nematode eggs for both types of irrigation is adequate except when conditions favour the survival of nematode eggs and where children are exposed; in these cases it should be reduced from < or = 1 egg/l to < or = 0.1 egg/l.
机译：审查了三种不同的方法来建立处理后废水的微生物质量准则，这些准则可再用于农业。这些方法的结果具有不同的目标：废水中不存在粪便指示生物，暴露人群中不存在可衡量的过量肠病病例，并且模型生成的估计风险低于定义的可接受风险。如果将第二种方法（使用经验性流行病学研究与病原体传播的微生物学研究相辅相成）与第三种方法（对选定的病原体使用基于模型的定量风险评估）结合使用，则将产生一个强大的工具，以帮助开发规定。这种组合方法比第一种方法更具成本效益，并且可以充分保护公众健康。在无限制灌溉条件下或= 1000粪便大肠杆菌/ 100 ml的粪便大肠菌的准则限制是有效的，但对于<= = 10（5）限制灌溉的粪便大肠菌<100 = 100 ml喷灌。如果使用洪水灌溉或儿童接触，建议限制为<或= 10（3）粪便大肠菌群/ 100 ml。两种灌溉方式对线虫卵的指导限值是足够的，除非条件有利于线虫卵的存活以及有儿童接触的情况。在这种情况下，应将其从<或= 1鸡蛋/升降低到<或= 0.1鸡蛋/升。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
代理获取

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号