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Yearly variation of bacterial production in the Arraial do Cabo protection area (Cabo Frio upwelling region): An evidence of anthropogenic pressure

机译:Arraial do Cabo保护区(Cabo Frio上升流区域)细菌产量的年度变化:人为压力的证据

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摘要

Arraial do Cabo is where upwelling occurs more intensively on the Brazilian coast. Although it is a protection area it suffers anthropogenic pressure such as harbor activities and sporadic sewage emissions. Short-time studies showed a high variability of bacterial production (BP) in this region but none of them evaluated BP during long periods in a large spatial scale including stations under different natural (upwelling and cold fronts) and anthropogenic pressures. During 2006, we sampled surface waters 10 times (5 in upwelling and 5 in subsidence periods) in 8 stations and we measured BP, temperature as well as the concentrations of inorganic nutrients, pigments and particulate organic matter (POM). BP was up to 400 times higher when sewage emissions were observed visually and it had a positive correlation with ammonia concentrations. Therefore, in 2007, we did two samples (each during upwelling and subsidence periods) during sewage emissions in five stations under different anthropogenic pressure and we also measured particles abundance by flow cytometry. The 12 samples in the most impacted area confirmed that BP was highest when ammonia was higher than 2 μM, also reporting the highest concentrations of chlorophyll a and suspended particles. However, considering all measured variables, upwelling was the main disturbing factor but the pressure of fronts should not be neglected since it had consequences in the auto-heterotrophic coupling, increasing the concentrations of non fluorescent particles and POM. Stations clustered in function of natural and anthropogenic pressures degrees and both determined the temporal-spatial variability.
机译:Arraial do Cabo是巴西沿岸上升趋势更为强烈的地方。尽管它是一个保护区,但遭受人为压力,如港口活动和零星的污水排放。短时研究显示该区域细菌生产(BP)的变异性很大,但没有一个在大空间范围内对长期的BP进行评估,包括在不同自然(上升和冷锋)和人为压力下的测站。在2006年期间,我们在8个站点中对地表水进行了10次采样(上涌5次,下沉阶段5次),并测量了BP,温度以及无机养分,色素和有机颗粒物(POM)的浓度。肉眼观察到污水排放时,BP最高可达到400倍,并且与氨浓度呈正相关。因此,在2007年,我们在五个人为压力不同的站点上对两个站点的污水排放进行了两个采样(分别在上升流和沉降阶段),并且还通过流式细胞仪测量了颗粒的丰度。受影响最严重的地区的12个样品证实,当氨气浓度高于2μM时,BP最高,也表明叶绿素a和悬浮颗粒的浓度最高。然而,考虑到所有测量变量,上升是主要的干扰因素,但是锋面的压力不容忽视,因为它会影响自异养耦合,增加非荧光颗粒和POM的浓度。台站聚集在自然和人为压力度的函数中,并且都确定了时空变异性。

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