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Methods and software tools for design evaluation in population pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics studies

机译:群体药代动力学-药效学研究中设计评估的方法和软件工具

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摘要

Population pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models are increasingly used in drug development and in academic research; hence, designing efficient studies is an important task. Following the first theoretical work on optimal design for nonlinear mixed-effects models, this research theme has grown rapidly. There are now several different software tools that implement an evaluation of the Fisher information matrix for population PKPD. We compared and evaluated the following five software tools: PFIM, PkStaMp, PopDes, PopED and POPT. The comparisons were performed using two models, a simple-one compartment warfarin PK model and a more complex PKPD model for pegylated interferon, with data on both concentration and response of viral load of hepatitis C virus. The results of the software were compared in terms of the standard error (SE) values of the parameters predicted from the software and the empirical SE values obtained via replicated clinical trial simulation and estimation. For the warfarin PK model and the pegylated interferon PKPD model, all software gave similar results. Interestingly, it was seen, for all software, that the simpler approximation to the Fisher information matrix, using the block diagonal matrix, provided predicted SE values that were closer to the empirical SE values than when the more complicated approximation was used (the full matrix). For most PKPD models, using any of the available software tools will provide meaningful results, avoiding cumbersome simulation and allowing design optimization.
机译:群体药代动力学(PK)-药效学(PKPD)模型越来越多地用于药物开发和学术研究中。因此,设计有效的研究是一项重要的任务。继有关非线性混合效应模型的最佳设计的第一项理论工作之后,这一研究主题迅速发展。现在有几种不同的软件工具可以对人口PKPD的Fisher信息矩阵进行评估。我们比较并评估了以下五个软件工具:PFIM,PkStaMp,PopDes,PopED和POPT。比较使用两种模型进行,一个简单的一室华法林PK模型和一个更复杂的聚乙二醇化干扰素PKPD模型,以及有关丙型肝炎病毒的浓度和病毒载量的数据。根据软件预测的参数的标准误差(SE)值和通过重复的临床试验模拟和估算获得的经验SE值,比较了软件的结果。对于华法林PK模型和聚乙二醇化干扰素PKPD模型,所有软件都给出了相似的结果。有趣的是,对于所有软件,使用块对角矩阵对Fisher信息矩阵的更简单逼近提供了比使用更复杂的逼近时预测的SE值更接近经验SE值(完整矩阵)。 )。对于大多数PKPD模型,使用任何可用的软件工具都将提供有意义的结果,避免繁琐的仿真并允许设计优化。

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