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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Royal Society Interface >Bird migration flight altitudes studied by a network of operational weather radars
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Bird migration flight altitudes studied by a network of operational weather radars

机译：通过运行天气雷达网络研究鸟类迁徙的飞行高度

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摘要

A fully automated method for the detection and quantification of bird migration was developed for operational C-band weather radar, measuring bird density, speed and direction as a function of altitude. These weather radar bird observations have been validated with data from a high-accuracy dedicated bird radar, which was stationed in the measurement volume of weather radar sites in The Netherlands, Belgium and France for a full migration season during autumn 2007 and spring 2008. We show that weather radar can extract near real-time bird density altitude profiles that closely correspond to the density profiles measured by dedicated bird radar. Doppler weather radar can thus be used as a reliable sensor for quantifying bird densities aloft in an operational setting, which—when extended to multiple radars—enables the mapping and continuous monitoring of bird migration flyways. By applying the automated method to a network of weather radars, we observed how mesoscale variability in weather conditions structured the timing and altitude profile of bird migration within single nights. Bird density altitude profiles were observed that consisted of multiple layers, which could be explained from the distinct wind conditions at different take-off sites. Consistently lower bird densities are recorded in The Netherlands compared with sites in France and eastern Belgium, which reveals some of the spatial extent of the dominant Scandinavian flyway over continental Europe.
机译：开发了一种用于检测和量化鸟类迁徙的全自动方法，用于可操作的C波段天气雷达，可测量鸟类密度，速度和方向随高度的变化。这些天气雷达鸟类观测已得到来自高精度专用鸟类雷达的数据的验证，该数据已部署在荷兰，比利时和法国的天气雷达站点的测量体积中，在2007年秋季和2008年春季的整个迁徙季节中。表明气象雷达可以提取接近实时的鸟类密度高度分布图，该高度分布图与专用鸟类雷达测量的密度分布图非常接近。因此，多普勒天气雷达可以用作可靠的传感器，用于在操作环境中量化高空鸟类的密度，当扩展到多个雷达时，多普勒天气雷达可以绘制和连续监视鸟类的迁徙飞行路线。通过将自动方法应用于天气雷达网络，我们观察到天气条件下的中尺度变异性如何构成了单个夜晚鸟类迁徙的时间和高度剖面。观察到鸟类密度高度分布图由多层组成，这可以从不同起飞地点的不同风况中得到解释。与法国和比利时东部的地区相比，荷兰的鸟类密度一直较低，这揭示了欧洲大陆上斯堪的纳维亚主要飞道的空间范围。

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