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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Evidence from the domestication of apple for the maintenance of autumn colours by coevolution
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Evidence from the domestication of apple for the maintenance of autumn colours by coevolution

机译：通过驯化苹果驯化保持秋天色彩的证据

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The adaptive value of autumn colours is still a puzzle for evolutionary biology. It has been suggested that autumn colours are a warning signal to insects that use the trees as a host. I show that aphids (Dysaphis plantaginea) avoid apple trees (Malus pumila) with red leaves in autumn and that their fitness in spring is lower on these trees, which suggests that red leaves are an honest signal of the quality of the tree as a host. Autumn colours are common in wild populations but not among cultivated apple varieties, which are no longer under natural selection against insects. I show that autumn colours remain only in the varieties that are very susceptible to the effects of a common insect-borne disease, fire blight, and therefore are more in need of avoiding insects. Moreover, varieties with red leaves have smaller fruits, which shows that they have been under less effective artificial selection. This suggests a possible trade off between fruit size, leaf colour and resistance to parasites. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that autumn colours are a warning signal to insects, but not with other hypotheses.
机译：秋天色彩的适应性价值仍然是进化生物学的难题。已经提出，秋天的颜色是对以树木为宿主的昆虫的警告信号。我发现蚜虫（Dysaphis plantaginea）在秋天避免使用带有红叶的苹果树（Malus pumila），而春季在这些树上的适应性较低，这表明红叶是树作为寄主质量的诚实信号。 。秋天的颜色在野生种群中很常见，但在栽培的苹果品种中却不常见，后者不再需要自然选择来抵抗昆虫。我表明，秋天的颜色只保留在极易受常见昆虫传播疾病火疫病影响的品种中，因此更需要避免昆虫。此外，带有红叶的品种果实较小，这表明它们受到的人工选择效果较差。这表明在果实大小，叶片颜色和抗寄生虫性之间可能需要权衡。这些结果与以下假设相符：秋天的颜色是对昆虫的警告信号，但与其他假设不同。

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