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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Genetic variation in the cellular response of Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) to its bacterial parasite
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Genetic variation in the cellular response of Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) to its bacterial parasite

机译：大型蚤（Daphnia magna（Crustacea：Cladocera））对其细菌寄生虫的细胞响应的遗传变异

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摘要

Linking measures of immune function with infection, and ultimately, host and parasite fitness is a major goal in the field of ecological immunology. In this study, we tested for the presence and timing of a cellular immune response in the crustacean Daphnia magna following exposure to its sterilizing endoparasite Pasteuria ramosa. We found that D. magna possesses two cell types circulating in the haemolymph: a spherical one, which we call a granulocyte and an irregular-shaped amoeboid cell first described by Metchnikoff over 125 years ago. Daphnia magna mounts a strong cellular response (of the amoeboid cells) just a few hours after parasite exposure. We further tested for, and found, considerable genetic variation for the magnitude of this cellular response. These data fostered a heuristic model of resistance in this naturally coevolving host–parasite interaction. Specifically, the strongest cellular responses were found in the most susceptible hosts, indicating resistance is not always borne from a response that destroys invading parasites, but rather stems from mechanisms that prevent their initial entry. Thus, D. magna may have a two-stage defence—a genetically determined barrier to parasite establishment and a cellular response once establishment has begun.
机译：将免疫功能的措施与感染以及最终宿主和寄生虫的适应性联系起来是生态免疫学领域的主要目标。在这项研究中，我们测试了甲壳类水蚤（Daphnia magna）暴露于其灭菌的内寄生虫巴斯德氏菌后的细胞免疫反应的存在和时间。我们发现D. magna在血淋巴中拥有两种循环的细胞类型：球形的我们称为粒细胞和不规则形状的变形虫细胞，由Metchnikoff于125年前首次描述。寄生虫暴露后仅几个小时，大型蚤（Daphnia magna）就产生了强烈的（变形虫细胞的）细胞反应。我们进一步测试并发现了这种细胞反应强度的显着遗传变异。这些数据在这种自然进化的宿主－寄生虫相互作用中建立了一种启发式的抗性模型。具体而言，在最易感宿主中发现最强的细胞反应，这表明抗药性并非总是来自破坏入侵寄生虫的反应，而是源于阻止其最初进入的机制。因此，D。magna可能具有两个防御阶段-遗传确定的寄生虫建立障碍，以及一旦建立开始的细胞反应。

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