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Classifying development stages of primeval European beech forests: is clustering a useful tool?

机译:分类欧洲原始山毛榉森林的发展阶段:聚类是有用的工具吗?

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摘要

BackgroundOld-growth and primeval forests are passing through a natural development cycle with recurring stages of forest development. Several methods for assigning patches of different structure and size to forest development stages or phases do exist. All currently existing classification methods have in common that a priori assumptions about the characteristics of certain stand structural attributes such as deadwood amount are made. We tested the hypothesis that multivariate datasets of primeval beech forest stand structure possess an inherent, aggregated configuration of data points with individual clusters representing forest development stages. From two completely mapped primeval beech forests in Albania, seven ecologically important stand structural attributes characterizing stand density, regeneration, stem diameter variation and amount of deadwood are derived at 8216 and 9666 virtual sampling points (moving window, focal filtering). K-means clustering is used to detect clusters in the datasets (number of clusters (k) between 2 and 5). The quality of the single clustering solutions is analyzed with average silhouette width as a measure for clustering quality. In a sensitivity analysis, clustering is done with datasets of four different spatial scales of observation (200, 500, 1000 and 1500 m2, circular virtual plot area around sampling points) and with two different kernels (equal weighting of all objects within a plot vs. weighting by distance to the virtual plot center).
机译:背景古老的和原始的森林正在经历自然发展周期,而森林又处于重复发展阶段。确实存在几种将不同结构和大小的斑块分配给森林发展阶段或阶段的方法。当前所有现有的分类方法的共同点是,对某些林分结构属性(例如沉木量)的特征进行了先验假设。我们测试了以下假设:原始山毛榉林分结构的多元数据集具有固有的,聚合的数据点配置,且各个点代表森林发展阶段。从阿尔巴尼亚的两个完全绘制的原始山毛榉森林中,在8216和9666个虚拟采样点(移动窗口,焦点过滤)处获得了七个具有生态重要性的林分结构特征,这些特征表征了林分密度,再生,茎直径​​变化和沉木量。 K均值聚类用于检测数据集中的聚类(2到5之间的聚类数(k))。分析单个聚类解决方案的质量,并使用平均轮廓宽度作为聚类质量的度量。在敏感性分析中,使用四个不同空间观察尺度(200、500、1000和1500m 2 ,采样点周围的圆形虚拟图区域)的数据集以及两个不同的内核(均等)进行聚类图中所有对象的权重与按距虚拟图中心距离的权重)。

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