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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Royal Society Interface >Biomechanical limits to soil penetration by earthworms: direct measurements of hydroskeletal pressures and peristaltic motions
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Biomechanical limits to soil penetration by earthworms: direct measurements of hydroskeletal pressures and peristaltic motions

机译：to对土壤渗透的生物力学极限：直接测量水骨骼压力和蠕动

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摘要

Burrows resulting from earthworm activity are important for supporting various physical and ecological soil processes. Earthworm burrowing activity is quantified using models for earthworm penetration and cavity expansion that consider soil moisture and mechanical properties. Key parameters in these models are the maximal pressures exerted by the earthworm's hydroskeleton (estimated at 200 kPa). We designed a special pressure chamber that directly measures the pressures exerted by moving earthworms under different confining pressures to delineate the limits of earthworm activity in soils at different mechanical and hydration states. The chamber consists of a Plexiglas prism fitted with inner flexible tubing that hosts the earthworm. The gap around the tubing is pressurized using water, and the earthworm's peristaltic motion and concurrent pressure fluctuations were recorded by a camera and pressure transducer. A model that links the earthworm's kinematics with measured pressure fluctuations was developed. Resulting maximal values of radial pressures for anecic and endogeic earthworms were 130 kPa and 195 kPa, respectively. Mean earthworm peristaltic frequencies were used to quantify burrowing rates that were in agreement with previous results. The study delineates mechanical constraints to soil bioturbation by earthworms by mapping the elastic behaviour in the measurement chamber onto the expected elasto-viscoplastic environment of natural soils.
机译：worm活动产生的洞穴对于支持各种物理和生态土壤过程非常重要。 using挖掘活动使用考虑土壤水分和机械特性的worm渗透和腔扩张模型进行量化。这些模型中的关键参数是worm的水骨架所施加的最大压力（估计为200 kPa）。我们设计了一个特殊的压力室，可以直接测量moving在不同围压下的压力，以描绘worm在不同机械和水合作用状态下土壤中activity活动的极限。该腔室由一个有机玻璃棱镜组成，该棱镜装有内部hosts管，该hosts管容纳worm。用水对管道周围的间隙加压，并通过照相机和压力传感器记录worm的蠕动和同时发生的压力波动。建立了将measured的运动学与测得的压力波动联系起来的模型。 an和内ge的径向压力最大值分别为130 kPa和195 kPa。使用平均蠕动频率来量化挖洞速率，该速率与先前的结果一致。这项研究通过将测量室中的弹性行为映射到预期的天然土壤弹粘塑性环境中来描述mechanical对土壤生物扰动的机械约束。

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