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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Royal Society Interface >Three-dimensional printing spiders: back-and-forth glue application yields silk anchorages with high pull-off resistance under varying loading situations
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Three-dimensional printing spiders: back-and-forth glue application yields silk anchorages with high pull-off resistance under varying loading situations

机译：三维印刷蜘蛛网：在不同的负载情况下来回涂胶可产生具有高抗剥离性的丝锚固

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摘要

The anchorage of structures is a crucial element of construction, both for humans and animals. Spiders use adhesive plaques to attach silk threads to substrates. Both biological and artificial adhesive structures usually have an optimal loading angle, and are prone to varying loading situations. Silk anchorages, however, must cope with loading in highly variable directions. Here we show that the detachment forces of thread anchorages of orb-web spiders are highly robust against pulling in different directions. This is gained by a two-step back-and-forth spinning pattern during the rapid production of the adhesive plaque, which shifts the thread insertion point towards the plaque centre and forms a flexible tree root-like network of branching fibres around the loading point. Using a morphometric approach and a tape-and-thread model we show that neither area, nor width of the plaque, but the shift of the loading point towards the plaque centre has the highest effect on pull-off resistance. This is explained by a circular propagation of the delamination crack with a low peeling angle. We further show that silken attachment discs are highly directional and adjusted to provide maximal performance in the upstream dragline. These results show that the way the glue is applied, crucially enhances the toughness of the anchorage without the need of additional material intake. This work is a starting point to study the evolution of tough and universal thread anchorages among spiders, and to develop bioinspired ‘instant’ anchorages of thread- and cable-like structures to a broad bandwidth of substrates.
机译：对人和动物而言，结构的锚固都是建筑的关键要素。蜘蛛使用粘性板将丝绸线附着到基材上。生物和人造粘合剂结构通常都具有最佳的加载角度，并且易于发生变化的加载情况。然而，丝绸锚固必须应对高度变化的方向上的载荷。在这里，我们显示了圆网蜘蛛的螺纹锚固的分离力对于抵抗不同方向的拉力具有很高的抵抗力。这是通过在胶粘剂斑块的快速生产过程中通过两步来回旋转的方式实现的，该过程将线插入点移向斑块中心，并在加载点周围形成了柔性的树状根状分支纤维网络。使用形态计量学方法和带和线模型，我们既没有显示斑块的面积，也没有发现斑块的宽度，但是加载点向斑块中心的移动对抗拉强度的影响最大。这可以通过低剥离角的分层裂纹的圆形扩展来解释。我们进一步表明，丝质附着盘具有高度的方向性，并经过调整以在上游拉铲绳上提供最佳性能。这些结果表明，胶水的施用方式可显着提高锚固的韧性，而无需额外的材料摄入。这项工作是研究蜘蛛之间坚韧而通用的螺纹锚固方法的起点，并将生物启发性的螺纹和电缆状结构的“即时”锚固技术开发到更宽的基材范围。

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