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A comparison of multiple imputation methods for handling missing values in longitudinal data in the presence of a time-varying covariate with a non-linear association with time: a simulation study

机译:存在时变协变量且与时间呈非线性关联的情况下处理纵向数据中缺失值的多种插补方法的比较:模拟研究

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摘要

BackgroundMissing data is a common problem in epidemiological studies, and is particularly prominent in longitudinal data, which involve multiple waves of data collection. Traditional multiple imputation (MI) methods (fully conditional specification (FCS) and multivariate normal imputation (MVNI)) treat repeated measurements of the same time-dependent variable as just another ‘distinct’ variable for imputation and therefore do not make the most of the longitudinal structure of the data. Only a few studies have explored extensions to the standard approaches to account for the temporal structure of longitudinal data. One suggestion is the two-fold fully conditional specification (two-fold FCS) algorithm, which restricts the imputation of a time-dependent variable to time blocks where the imputation model includes measurements taken at the specified and adjacent times. To date, no study has investigated the performance of two-fold FCS and standard MI methods for handling missing data in a time-varying covariate with a non-linear trajectory over time – a commonly encountered scenario in epidemiological studies.
机译:背景技术缺失数据是流行病学研究中的常见问题,在纵向数据中尤为突出,纵向数据涉及多次数据收集。传统的多重插补(MI)方法(完全条件规范(FCS)和多元正态插补(MVNI))将对同一时间相关变量的重复测量视为另一个用于插补的“不同”变量,因此无法充分利用数据的纵向结构。只有少数研究探索了标准方法的扩展,以解释纵向数据的时间结构。一种建议是采用双重完全条件规范(双重FCS)算法,该算法将时间相关变量的插补限制在时间块中,其中插补模型包括在指定时间和相邻时间进行的测量。迄今为止,尚无研究调查两种FCS和标准MI方法在随时间变化的协变量和非线性轨迹中处理缺失数据的性能-这是流行病学研究中经常遇到的情况。

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