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The origin of snakes: revealing the ecology behavior and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics phenomics and the fossil record

机译:蛇的起源:利用基因组学表型学和化石记录揭示早期蛇的生态行为和进化史

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摘要

BackgroundThe highly derived morphology and astounding diversity of snakes has long inspired debate regarding the ecological and evolutionary origin of both the snake total-group (Pan-Serpentes) and crown snakes (Serpentes). Although speculation abounds on the ecology, behavior, and provenance of the earliest snakes, a rigorous, clade-wide analysis of snake origins has yet to be attempted, in part due to a dearth of adequate paleontological data on early stem snakes. Here, we present the first comprehensive analytical reconstruction of the ancestor of crown snakes and the ancestor of the snake total-group, as inferred using multiple methods of ancestral state reconstruction. We use a combined-data approach that includes new information from the fossil record on extinct crown snakes, new data on the anatomy of the stem snakes Najash rionegrina, Dinilysia patagonica, and Coniophis precedens, and a deeper understanding of the distribution of phenotypic apomorphies among the major clades of fossil and Recent snakes. Additionally, we infer time-calibrated phylogenies using both new ‘tip-dating’ and traditional node-based approaches, providing new insights on temporal patterns in the early evolutionary history of snakes.
机译:背景技术蛇的高度衍生的形态和惊人的多样性长期以来一直在引发关于蛇总群(Pan-Serpentes)和冠蛇(Serpentes)的生态和进化起源的辩论。尽管对最早的蛇的生态,行为和出处有很多推测,但仍未尝试对整个蛇的起源进行严格的,进化枝范围的分析,部分原因是缺乏有关早期茎蛇的足够的古生物学数据。在这里,我们提出了对冠蛇祖先和蛇群总祖先的第一个综合分析重建,这是使用多种祖先状态重建方法推断得出的。我们使用组合数据方法,包括来自灭绝的冠蛇化石记录的新信息,有关茎蛇Najash rionegrina,Dinilysia patagonica和Coniophis先例的解剖结构的新数据,以及对表型无性型分布的更深入了解。化石和最近的蛇的主要进化枝。此外,我们使用新的“提示约会”和传统的基于节点的方法来推断时间校准的系统发育,从而为蛇的早期进化史上的时间模式提供新见解。

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