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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?
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Avoidance of roads and selection for recent cutovers by threatened caribou: fitness-rewarding or maladaptive behaviour?

机译：避开道路并选择有威胁的驯鹿作近期砍伐：奖励健身或适应不良的行为？

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摘要

The impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the fitness of prey should depend on the relative effect of human activities on different trophic levels. This verification remains rare, however, especially for large animals. We investigated the functional link between habitat selection of female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and the survival of their calves, a fitness correlate. This top-down controlled population of the threatened forest-dwelling caribou inhabits a managed forest occupied by wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Sixty-one per cent of calves died from bear predation within two months following their birth. Variation in habitat selection tactics among mothers resulted in different mortality risks for their calves. When calves occupied areas with few deciduous trees, they were more likely to die from predation if the local road density was high. Although caribou are typically associated with pristine forests, females selected recent cutovers without negative impact on calf survival. This selection became detrimental, however, as regeneration took place in harvested stands owing to increased bear predation. We demonstrate that human disturbance has asymmetrical consequences on the trophic levels of a food web involving multiple large mammals, which resulted in habitat selection tactics with a greater short-term fitness payoff and, therefore, with higher evolutionary opportunity.
机译：人为干扰对猎物适应性的影响应取决于人类活动对不同营养水平的相对影响。但是，这种验证仍然很少见，尤其是对于大型动物。我们调查了雌性北美驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus）的栖息地选择与它们的犊牛（与健康相关）的生存之间的功能联系。这种自上而下受控制的受威胁的森林驯鹿种群居住在一个被狼（犬天狼犬）和黑熊（美洲熊）占领的受管理森林中。 61％的犊牛在出生后两个月内死于熊食。母亲之间栖息地选择策略的差异导致其犊牛的死亡风险不同。当小牛到处落叶树少的地方时，如果当地道路密度高，它们更有可能死于掠食。尽管驯鹿通常与原始森林有关，但雌性选择了最近砍伐的林分，而对小牛的生存没有负面影响。然而，由于熊的捕食增加，这种选择变得有害，因为收获的林分发生了再生。我们证明，人为干扰对涉及多个大型哺乳动物的食物网的营养水平具有不对称的影响，这导致栖息地选择策略具有更大的短期适应性收益，因此具有更高的进化机会。

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