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Roles of Boundary Conditions in DNA Simulations: Analysis of Ion Distributions with the Finite-Difference Poisson-Boltzmann Method

机译:边界条件在DNA模拟中的作用:用有限差分泊松-玻尔兹曼方法分析离子分布

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摘要

The wide use of lattice-sum strategies in biomolecular simulations has raised many questions on potential artifacts in these strategies. One interesting question is the artifacts in the counterion distributions of highly charged systems. As one would anticipate, Coulombic interactions under the periodic boundary condition may deviate noticeably from those under the free boundary condition in the highly charged systems, significantly influencing their counterion distributions. On the other hand, the electrostatic screening due to water molecules and mobile ions may effectively damp the possible periodic distortions in Coulombic interactions. Therefore, the magnitude of periodicity-induced artifacts in counterion distributions is not straightforward to dissect without detailed analyses. In this study, we have developed a hybrid explicit counterion/implicit salt representation of mobile ions to address this question. We have chosen a well-studied DNA for easy validation of the minimal hybrid ion representation. Our detailed analysis of continuum ion distributions, explicit ion distributions, radial counterion distribution functions, and sequence-dependent counterion distributions, however, indicates that periodicity artifacts are not apparent at the surface of the tested DNA. Nevertheless, influence of boundary conditions does show up starting at the second solvation shell and becomes apparent at the cell boundary.
机译:晶格和策略在生物分子模拟中的广泛使用引起了关于这些策略中潜在伪像的许多问题。一个有趣的问题是高电荷系统抗衡离子分布中的伪影。正如人们所预期的那样,在高电荷体系中,周期性边界条件下的库仑相互作用可能与自由边界条件下的库仑相互作用显着偏离,从而极大地影响了它们的抗衡离子分布。另一方面,由于水分子和移动离子引起的静电屏蔽可以有效地抑制库仑相互作用中可能的周期性变形。因此,如果没有详细的分析,就很难直接剖析抗衡离子分布中周期性诱发的伪影的大小。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种混合的显式抗衡离子/内含盐形式的移动离子,以解决此问题。我们选择了经过充分研究的DNA,可以轻松验证最小杂化离子表示形式。我们对连续离子分布,显性离子分布,径向抗衡离子分布函数和依赖序列的抗衡离子分布的详细分析表明,周期性伪像在被测DNA表面不明显。然而,边界条件的影响确实从第二个溶剂化壳开始出现,并且在细胞边界处变得明显。

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