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Structural Information Resolution and Noise in High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy Topographs

机译:高分辨率原子力显微镜形貌仪中的结构信息分辨率和噪声

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摘要

AFM has developed into a powerful tool in structural biology, providing topographs of proteins under close-to-native conditions and featuring an outstanding signaloise ratio. However, the imaging mechanism exhibits particularities: fast and slow scan axis represent two independent image acquisition axes. Additionally, unknown tip geometry and tip-sample interaction render the contrast transfer function nondefinable. Hence, the interpretation of AFM topographs remained difficult. How can noise and distortions present in AFM images be quantified? How does the number of molecule topographs merged influence the structural information provided by averages? What is the resolution of topographs? Here, we find that in high-resolution AFM topographs, many molecule images are only slightly disturbed by noise, distortions, and tip-sample interactions. To identify these high-quality particles, we propose a selection criterion based on the internal symmetry of the imaged protein. We introduce a novel feature-based resolution analysis and show that AFM topographs of different proteins contain structural information beginning at different resolution thresholds: 10 Å (AqpZ), 12 Å (AQP0), 13 Å (AQP2), and 20 Å (light-harvesting-complex-2). Importantly, we highlight that the best single-molecule images are more accurate molecular representations than ensemble averages, because averaging downsizes the z-dimension and “blurs” structural details.
机译:AFM已发展成为结构生物学的强大工具,可在接近自然条件下提供蛋白质的地形图,并具有出色的信噪比。但是,成像机制具有特殊性:快扫描轴和慢扫描轴代表两个独立的图像采集轴。另外,未知的尖端几何形状和尖端-样品相互作用使得对比度传递函数无法定义。因此,对AFM地形图的解释仍然很困难。如何对AFM图像中存在的噪声和失真进行量化?合并的分子地形图的数量如何影响平均值提供的结构信息?地形的分辨率是多少?在这里,我们发现在高分辨率的AFM地形图中,许多分子图像仅受到噪声,变形和尖端样品相互作用的轻微干扰。为了识别这些高质量的粒子,我们基于成像蛋白质的内部对称性提出了一种选择标准。我们介绍了一种基于特征的新颖分辨率分析,并显示了不同蛋白质的AFM地形图包含以不同分辨率阈值开始的结构信息:10Å(AqpZ),12Å(AQP0),13Å(AQP2)和20Å(light-复杂-2)。重要的是,我们强调,最好的单分子图像比整体平均数更准确的分子表示形式,因为平均会缩小Z维度和“模糊”结构的细节。

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