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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Registration of Neural Maps through Value-Dependent Learning: Modeling the Alignment of Auditory and Visual Maps in the Barn Owl’s Optic Tectum
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Registration of Neural Maps through Value-Dependent Learning: Modeling the Alignment of Auditory and Visual Maps in the Barn Owl’s Optic Tectum

机译：通过基于价值的学习来注册神经图：在谷仓猫头鹰的视区中模拟听觉和视觉图的对齐方式

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摘要

In the optic tectum (OT) of the barn owl, visual and auditory maps of space are found in close alignment with each other. Experiments in which such alignment has been disrupted have shown a considerable degree of plasticity in the auditory map. The external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx), an auditory center that projects massively to the tectum, is the main site of plasticity; however, it is unclear by what mechanisms the alignment between the auditory map in the ICx and the visual map in the tectum is established and maintained. In this paper, we propose that such map alignment occurs through a process of value-dependent learning. According to this paradigm, value systems, identifiable with neuromodulatory systems having diffuse projections, respond to innate or acquired salient cues and modulate changes in synaptic efficacy in many brain regions. To test the self-consistency of this proposal, we have developed a computer model of the principal neural structures involved in the process of auditory localization in the barn owl. This is complemented by simulations of aspects of the barn owl phenotype and of the experimental environment. In the model, a value system is activated whenever the owl carries out a foveation toward an auditory stimulus. A term representing the diffuse release of a neuromodulator interacts with local pre- and postsynaptic events to determine synaptic changes in the ICx. Through large-scale simulations, we have replicated a number of experimental observations on the development of spatial alignment between the auditory and visual maps during normal visual experience, after the retinal image is shifted through prismatic goggles, and after the reestablishment of normal visual input. The results suggest that value-dependent learning is sufficient to account for the registration of auditory and visual maps of space in the OT of the barn owl, and they lead to a number of experimental predictions.
机译：在谷仓猫头鹰的视皮层（OT）中，发现空间的视觉和听觉图彼此紧密对齐。已经破坏了这种对准的实验已经在听觉图中显示出相当程度的可塑性。下丘（ICx）的外核是一个可塑性的主要部位，下丘是一个向中枢突出的听觉中心。但是，尚不清楚通过何种机制建立和维持ICx中的听觉图和子宫中的可视图之间的对齐方式。在本文中，我们建议通过一种依赖于价值的学习过程来实现这种地图对齐。根据这种范例，可以用具有弥散投影的神经调节系统来识别的价值系统，对先天或后天的明显提示作出反应，并调节许多大脑区域的突触功效变化。为了测试该建议的自洽性，我们开发了一个计算机模型，该计算机模型涉及谷仓猫头鹰听觉定位过程中涉及的主要神经结构。通过对仓表型和实验环境方面的模拟来补充。在该模型中，每当猫头鹰对听觉刺激产生偏爱时，就会激活一个价值系统。代表神经调节剂的扩散释放的术语与局部突触前和突触后事件相互作用，以确定ICx中的突触变化。通过大规模的模拟，我们在正常的视觉体验期间，在视网膜图像通过棱形护目镜移动之后以及在重新建立了正常的视觉输入之后，已经复制了许多关于听觉和视觉地图之间空间对齐发展的实验观察。结果表明，价值依赖型学习足以说明谷仓猫头鹰OT中空间的听觉和视觉地图的配准，并且它们可带来许多实验预测。

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