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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Biology Letters >When it is costly to have a caring mother: food limitation erases the benefits of parental care in earwigs
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When it is costly to have a caring mother: food limitation erases the benefits of parental care in earwigs

机译：如果要有一个有爱心的母亲会付出高昂的代价：食物的限制会消除在wig中进行父母照顾的好处

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The aggregation of parents with offspring is generally associated with different forms of care that improve offspring survival at potential costs to parents. Under poor environments, the limited amount of resources available can increase the level of competition among family members and consequently lead to adaptive changes in parental investment. However, it remains unclear as to what extent such changes modify offspring fitness, particularly when offspring can survive without parents such as in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia. Here, we show that under food restriction, earwig maternal presence decreased offspring survival until adulthood by 43 per cent. This effect was independent of sibling competition and was expressed after separation from the female, indicating lasting detrimental effects. The reduced benefits of maternal presence on offspring survival were not associated with higher investment in future reproduction, suggesting a condition-dependent effect of food restriction on mothers and local mother–offspring competition for food. Overall, these findings demonstrate for the first time a long-term negative effect of maternal presence on offspring survival in a species with maternal care, and highlight the importance of food availability in the early evolution of family life.
机译：父母与后代的聚集通常与不同形式的照护相关，这些照护以父母的潜在成本提高了后代的存活率。在恶劣的环境中，有限的可用资源会增加家庭成员之间的竞争水平，从而导致父母投资的适应性变化。但是，尚不清楚这种变化在多大程度上改变了后代的适应性，特别是当后代在没有父母的情况下可以生存时，例如在欧洲的假发，铁耳小For中。在这里，我们表明，在食物限制下，产假ear的母亲将直至成年的后代存活率降低了43％。该效应与同胞竞争无关，并且在与雌性分离后表达出来，表明具有持久的有害作用。母亲减少对后代存活的好处与未来繁殖的增加投资无关，这表明食物限制对母亲和当地母子竞争食物的条件依赖性影响。总的来说，这些发现首次证明了母体存在对具有母体关怀的物种的后代生存的长期负面影响，并突出了食物供应在家庭生活早期发展中的重要性。

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