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New perspectives in ocean acidification research: editors introduction to the special feature on ocean acidification

机译：海洋酸化研究的新观点：海洋酸化专题介绍

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Ocean acidification, caused by the uptake of additional carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, will have far-reaching impacts on marine ecosystems (Gattuso & Hansson 2011 Ocean acidification. Oxford University Press). The predicted changes in ocean chemistry will affect whole biological communities and will occur within the context of global warming and other anthropogenic stressors; yet much of the biological research conducted to date has tested the short-term responses of single species to ocean acidification conditions alone. While an important starting point, these studies may have limited predictive power because they do not account for possible interactive effects of multiple climate change drivers or for ecological interactions with other species. Furthermore, few studies have considered variation in responses among populations or the evolutionary potential within populations. Therefore, our knowledge about the potential for marine organisms to adapt to ocean acidification is extremely limited. In 2015, two of the pioneers in the field, Ulf Riebesell and Jean-Pierre Gattuso, noted that to move forward as a field of study, future research needed to address critical knowledge gaps in three major areas: (i) multiple environmental drivers, (ii) ecological interactions and (iii) acclimation and adaptation (Riebesell and Gattuso 2015 Nat. Clim. Change >5, 12–14 ()). In May 2016, more than 350 researchers, students and stakeholders met at the 4th International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World in Hobart, Tasmania, to discuss the latest advances in understanding ocean acidification and its biological consequences. Many of the papers presented at the symposium reflected this shift in focus from short-term, single species and single stressor experiments towards multi-stressor and multispecies experiments that address knowledge gaps about the ecological impacts of ocean acidification on marine communities. The nine papers in this Special Feature are from authors who attended the symposium and address cutting-edge questions and emerging topics in ocean acidification research, across the taxonomic spectrum from plankton to top predators. They cover the three streams of research identified as crucial to understanding the biological impacts of ocean acidification: (i) the relationship with other environmental drivers, (ii) the effects on ecological process and species interactions, and (iii) the role that individual variation, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation will have in shaping the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on marine ecosystems.
机译：由大气中吸收额外的二氧化碳（CO2）引起的海洋酸化将对海洋生态系统产生深远的影响（Gattuso和Hansson，2011年海洋酸化，牛津大学出版社）。预计海洋化学变化将影响整个生物群落，并将在全球变暖和其他人为压力因素的背景下发生；然而，迄今为止进行的许多生物学研究仅测试了单个物种对海洋酸化条件的短期响应。这些研究虽然是重要的起点，但其预测能力可能有限，因为它们没有考虑多种气候变化驱动因素可能产生的相互作用，也没有考虑与其他物种的生态相互作用。此外，很少有研究考虑种群间反应的差异或种群内进化潜力。因此，我们对海洋生物适应海洋酸化潜能的认识极为有限。 2015年，该领域的两位先驱Ulf Riebesell和Jean-Pierre Gattuso指出，要继续作为研究领域，未来的研究需要解决三个主要领域的关键知识空白：（i）多种环境驱动因素， （ii）生态相互作用和（iii）适应和适应（Riebesell和Gattuso 2015 Nat。Clim。Change > 5 ，12-14（））。 2016年5月，超过350名研究人员，学生和利益相关者在塔斯马尼亚州霍巴特举行的第四届高二氧化碳世界海洋国际研讨会上开会，讨论了了解海洋酸化及其生物学后果的最新进展。专题讨论会上发表的许多论文都反映出这种重点已从短期，单一物种和单一应激源实验转向解决海洋酸化对海洋社区生态影响的知识空白的多应激源和多物种实验。本专题文章中的9篇论文来自出席研讨会的作者，他们探讨了从浮游生物到顶级捕食者的整个分类学领域，海洋酸化研究中的前沿问题和新兴主题。它们涵盖了被认为对于理解海洋酸化的生物影响至关重要的三个研究流：（i）与其他环境驱动因素的关系，（ii）对生态过程和物种相互作用的影响，以及（iii）个体变异的作用表型可塑性和适应性将影响海洋酸化和变暖对海洋生态系统的影响。

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