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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Biology Letters >Limited by the roof of the world: mountain radiations of Apollo swallowtails controlled by diversity-dependence processes
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Limited by the roof of the world: mountain radiations of Apollo swallowtails controlled by diversity-dependence processes

机译：受世界屋脊的限制：阿波罗燕尾山的辐射受多样性依赖过程控制

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Mountainous areas contain a substantial part of the world species richness, but the evolutionary origins and diversification of this biodiversity remain elusive. Diversification may result from differences in clade age (longer time to diversify), net diversification rates (faster speciation rate) or carrying capacities (number of niches). The likelihood of these macroevolutionary scenarios was assessed for six clades of Apollo swallowtails (Parnassius) that diversified mainly in the Himalayan–Tibetan region. The analyses suggest that neither the clade age nor the speciation rate could explain the mountain butterfly diversification. Instead diversity-dependence models were strongly supported for each group. Models further estimated clades' carrying capacities, which approximate to the current number of species, indicating that diversity equilibrium has been reached (or close to being reached). The results suggest that diversification of mountain butterflies was controlled by ecological limits, which governed the number of niches, and provide macroevolutionary justification for regarding mountains as islands.
机译：山区占世界物种丰富度的很大一部分，但是这种生物多样性的进化起源和多样性仍然难以捉摸。多样化可能是由进化枝年龄（更长的多样化时间），净多样化速率（更快的物种形成速率）或承载能力（生态位数量）的差异引起的。对六个进化分支阿波罗燕尾（Parnassius）进行了宏观进化，并对其进行了评估，这些进化分支主要分布在喜马拉雅–西藏地区。分析表明，进化枝年龄和物种形成率都不能解释山蝴蝶的多样性。相反，每个组都强烈支持多样性依赖模型。模型进一步估计了进化枝的承载能力，近似于当前物种的数量，表明已经达到（或接近达到）多样性平衡。结果表明，山蝴蝶的多样性受生态极限的控制，生态极限控制着生态位的数量，并为将山作为岛屿提供了宏观进化论证。

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