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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >The straight and narrow path: the evolution of straight-line dispersal at a cane toad invasion front
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The straight and narrow path: the evolution of straight-line dispersal at a cane toad invasion front

机译：笔直而狭窄的路径：甘蔗蟾蜍入侵前沿的直线扩散演变

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摘要

At the edge of a biological invasion, evolutionary processes (spatial sorting, natural selection) often drive increases in dispersal. Although numerous traits influence an individual's displacement (e.g. speed, stamina), one of the most important is path straightness. A straight (i.e. highly correlated) path strongly enhances overall dispersal rate relative to time and energetic cost. Thus, we predict that, if path straightness has a genetic basis, organisms in the invasion vanguard will exhibit straighter paths than those following behind. Our studies on invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in tropical Australia clearly support this prediction. Radio-tracking of field-collected toads at a single site showed that path straightness steadily decreased over the first 10 years post-invasion. Consistent with an evolved (genetic) basis to that behavioural shift, path straightness of toads reared under common garden conditions varied according to the location of their parents' origin. Offspring produced by toads from the invasion vanguard followed straighter paths than did those produced by parents from long-established populations. At the individual level, offspring exhibited similar path straightness to their parents. The dramatic acceleration of the cane toad invasion through tropical Australia has been driven, in part, by the evolution of a behavioural tendency towards dispersing in a straight line.
机译：在生物入侵的边缘，进化过程（空间分类，自然选择）通常会推动扩散的增加​​。尽管许多特征会影响一个人的位移（例如速度，耐力），但最重要的特征之一就是道路的平直度。相对于时间和精力成本而言，笔直的路径（即高度相关的路径）会大大提高总体分散速度。因此，我们预测，如果路径平直度具有遗传基础，则入侵先锋队中的生物将显示出比后面的生物更直的路径。我们对热带澳大利亚侵入性蟾蜍蟾蜍（Rhinella marina）的研究清楚地支持了这一预测。在单个地点对田间采集的蟾蜍进行无线电跟踪显示，在入侵后的头十年中，路径的直线度不断下降。与行为转变的进化（遗传）基础一致，在普通花园条件下饲养的蟾蜍的路径平直度根据其父母的出身地点而变化。入侵先头蟾蜍产生的后代所走的路要比老龄化种群的父母所产生的后代更直。在个体层面上，后代表现出与父母相似的直线度。甘蔗蟾蜍通过热带澳大利亚入侵的急剧加速，部分是由于行为趋向于直线分散的演变所致。

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