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Valuing biodiversity and ecosystem services: a useful way to manage and conserve marine resources?

机译:重视生物多样性和生态系统服务:一种管理和保护海洋资源的有用方法?

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摘要

Valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) is widely recognized as a useful, though often controversial, approach to conservation and management. However, its use in the marine environment, hence evidence of its efficacy, lags behind that in terrestrial ecosystems. This largely reflects key challenges to marine conservation and management such as the practical difficulties in studying the ocean, complex governance issues and the historically-rooted separation of biodiversity conservation and resource management. Given these challenges together with the accelerating loss of marine biodiversity (and threats to the ES that this biodiversity supports), we ask whether valuation efforts for marine ecosystems are appropriate and effective. We compare three contrasting systems: the tropical Pacific, Southern Ocean and UK coastal seas. In doing so, we reveal a diversity in valuation approaches with different rates of progress and success. We also find a tendency to focus on specific ES (often the harvested species) rather than biodiversity. In light of our findings, we present a new conceptual view of valuation that should ideally be considered in decision-making. Accounting for the critical relationships between biodiversity and ES, together with an understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning, will enable the wider implications of marine conservation and management decisions to be evaluated. We recommend embedding valuation within existing management structures, rather than treating it as an alternative or additional mechanism. However, we caution that its uptake and efficacy will be compromised without the ability to develop and share best practice across regions.
机译:人们普遍认为,对生物多样性和生态系统服务的评估是一种有用的,尽管常常引起争议的保护和管理方法。然而,其在海洋环境中的使用,因此其有效性的证据,落后于陆地生态系统中的使用。这在很大程度上反映了海洋保护和管理方面的主要挑战,例如研究海洋的实际困难,复杂的治理问题以及生物多样性保护和资源管理的历史根源分离。考虑到这些挑战以及海洋生物多样性的加速丧失(以及该生物多样性所支持的生态系统的威胁),我们询问对海洋生态系统的评估工作是否适当和有效。我们比较了三种不同的系统:热带太平洋,南部海洋和英国沿海海域。通过这样做,我们揭示了评估方法的多样性以及不同的进展和成功率。我们还发现有一种趋势是关注特定的生态系统(通常是收获的物种),而不是生物多样性。根据我们的发现,我们提出了一种新的估值概念性观点,理想情况下应在决策中予以考虑。解释生物多样性与生态系统之间的关键关系,加上对生态系统结构和功能的理解,将能够评估海洋保护和管理决定的更广泛影响。我们建议将评估嵌入现有的管理结构中,而不是将其视为替代或其他机制。但是,我们提醒您,如果不能在各个地区发展和分享最佳实践,将损害其吸收和功效。

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