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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Social class and wise reasoning about interpersonal conflicts across regions persons and situations
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Social class and wise reasoning about interpersonal conflicts across regions persons and situations

机译：关于跨地区跨人员和跨地区人际冲突的社会阶级和明智的推理

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摘要

We propose that class is inversely related to a propensity for using wise reasoning (recognizing limits of their knowledge, consider world in flux and change, acknowledges and integrate different perspectives) in interpersonal situations, contrary to established class advantage in abstract cognition. Two studies—an online survey from regions differing in economic affluence (n = 2 145) and a representative in-lab study with stratified sampling of adults from working and middle-class backgrounds (n = 299)—tested this proposition, indicating that higher social class consistently related to lower levels of wise reasoning across different levels of analysis, including regional and individual differences, and subjective construal of specific situations. The results held across personal and standardized hypothetical situations, across self-reported and observed wise reasoning, and when controlling for fluid and crystallized cognitive abilities. Consistent with an ecological framework, class differences in wise reasoning were specific to interpersonal (versus societal) conflicts. These findings suggest that higher social class weighs individuals down by providing the ecological constraints that undermine wise reasoning about interpersonal affairs.
机译：我们认为，在人际交往中，阶级与使用明智推理的倾向（认识到其知识的局限性，在变化和变化中考虑世界，承认并整合不同的观点）成反比，这与抽象认知中既定的阶级优势背道而驰。两项研究（来自经济富裕程度不同地区的在线调查（n = 2145）和一项有代表性的实验室研究，对来自工作和中产阶级背景的成年人进行分层抽样（n = 299））对该命题进行了测试，结果表明社会阶层始终与不同分析水平（包括区域和个人差异）以及特定情况的主观理解在较低层次上的明智推理相关。在个人和标准化的假设情况下，在自我报告和观察到的明智推理中，以及在控制流畅和具体化的认知能力时，得出的结果都是如此。与生态框架相一致，明智推理中的阶级差异特定于人际（相对于社会）冲突。这些发现表明，较高的社会阶级通过提供破坏人际交往的明智推理的生态约束来压制个人。

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