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Sex chromosome evolution: historical insights and future perspectives

机译:性染色体进化:历史见解和未来展望

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摘要

Many separate-sexed organisms have sex chromosomes controlling sex determination. Sex chromosomes often have reduced recombination, specialized (frequently sex-specific) gene content, dosage compensation and heteromorphic size. Research on sex determination and sex chromosome evolution has increased over the past decade and is today a very active field. However, some areas within the field have not received as much attention as others. We therefore believe that a historic overview of key findings and empirical discoveries will put current thinking into context and help us better understand where to go next. Here, we present a timeline of important conceptual and analytical models, as well as empirical studies that have advanced the field and changed our understanding of the evolution of sex chromosomes. Finally, we highlight gaps in our knowledge so far and propose some specific areas within the field that we recommend a greater focus on in the future, including the role of ecology in sex chromosome evolution and new multilocus models of sex chromosome divergence.
机译:许多单独性别的生物都有控制性决定的性染色体。性染色体通常具有减少的重组,专门的(通常是性别特异性的)基因含量,剂量补偿和异型大小。在过去的十年中,有关性别确定和性染色体进化的研究有所增加,今天是一个非常活跃的领域。但是,该领域中的某些领域没有像其他领域那样受到广泛关注。因此,我们相信,对关键发现和经验发现的历史回顾将把当前的思想纳入背景,并帮助我们更好地理解下一步的发展。在这里,我们介绍了重要概念和分析模型的时间表,以及实证研究,这些研究已经推动了该领域的发展并改变了我们对性染色体进化的理解。最后,我们强调了迄今为止我们的知识差距,并提出了该领域内的一些特定领域,建议我们在将来更加关注这些领域,包括生态学在性染色体进化中的作用以及新的性染色体发散的多基因座模型。

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