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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Landscape context shifts the balance of costs and benefits from wildflower borders on multiple ecosystem services
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Landscape context shifts the balance of costs and benefits from wildflower borders on multiple ecosystem services

机译：景观环境改变了多种生态系统服务中野花边界的成本和收益的平衡

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摘要

In the face of global biodiversity declines driven by agricultural intensification, local diversification practices are broadly promoted to support farmland biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. The creation of flower-rich habitats on farmland has been subsidized in both the USA and EU to support biodiversity and promote delivery of ecosystem services. Yet, theory suggests that the landscape context in which local diversification strategies are implemented will influence their success. However, few studies have empirically evaluated this theory or assessed the ability to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously. Here, we evaluate the impact of creating flower-rich habitats in field margins on pollination, pest control, and crop yield over 3 years using a paired design across a landscape gradient. We find general positive effects of natural habitat cover on fruit weight and that flowering borders increase yields by promoting bee visitation to adjacent crops only in landscapes with intermediate natural habitat cover. Flowering borders had little impact on biological control regardless of landscape context. Thus, knowledge of landscape context can be used to target wildflower border placement in areas where they will have the greatest likelihood for success and least potential for increasing pest populations or yield loss in nearby crops.
机译：面对农业集约化导致的全球生物多样性下降，广泛推广了地方多样化做法，以支持农田生物多样性和多种生态系统服务。美国和欧盟都在农田上建立了花朵丰富的栖息地，以支持生物多样性和促进生态系统服务的提供。然而，理论表明，实施局部多样化策略的景观环境将影响其成功。但是，很少有研究凭经验评估此理论或评估同时支持多种生态系统服务的能力。在这里，我们使用跨景观梯度的配对设计，评估了在田间边缘创建花朵丰富的栖息地对授粉，害虫防治和作物产量的三年影响。我们发现自然栖息地覆盖对果实重量具有普遍的积极影响，开花边界仅通过在中等自然栖息地覆盖的景观中促进蜜蜂对邻近农作物的探视来提高产量。不论风景如何，开花的边界对生物控制的影响都很小。因此，对景观环境的了解可用于将野花边界定位在成功的可能性最大，而有害生物种群增加或附近农作物减产的可能性最小的地区。

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