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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences >Specific adaptation to strong competitors can offset the negative effects of population size reductions
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Specific adaptation to strong competitors can offset the negative effects of population size reductions

机译：对强大竞争对手的特殊适应可以抵消人口减少带来的负面影响

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摘要

Competition plays a crucial role in determining adaptation of species, yet we know little as to how adaptation is affected by the strength of competition. On the one hand, strong competition typically results in population size reductions, which can hamper adaptation owing to a shortage of beneficial mutations; on the other hand, specificity of adaptation to competitors may offset the negative evolutionary consequences of such population size effects. Here, we investigate how competition strength affects population fitness in the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Our results demonstrate that strong competition constrains adaptation of focal populations, which can be partially explained by population size reductions. However, fitness assays also reveal specific adaptation of focal populations to particular competitors varying in competitive ability. Additionally, this specific adaptation can offset the negative effects of competitor-mediated population size reductions under strong competition. Our study, therefore, highlights the importance of opposing effects of strong competition on species adaptation, which may lead to different outcomes of colonization under intense and relaxed competitive environments in the context of population dispersal.
机译：竞争在决定物种的适应性方面起着至关重要的作用，但是我们对竞争强度如何影响适应性却知之甚少。一方面，激烈的竞争通常会导致种群数量减少，由于缺乏有益的突变，这可能会阻碍适应。另一方面，适应竞争者的特异性可能抵消了这种种群规模效应的负面进化后果。在这里，我们调查竞争强度如何影响荧光假单胞菌的种群适应度。我们的结果表明，激烈的竞争会限制重点人群的适应性，这可以部分归因于人口规模的减少。然而，适应性测定还揭示了焦点人群对竞争能力不同的特定竞争者的特定适应。此外，这种特殊的适应措施可以抵消竞争对手在激烈竞争下介导的人口规模减少的负面影响。因此，我们的研究强调了激烈竞争对物种适应的不利影响的重要性，这种竞争可能会在人口分散的背景下，在激烈和宽松的竞争环境下导致不同的殖民化结果。

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