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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Fast But Fleeting: Adaptive Motor Learning Processes Associated with Aging and Cognitive Decline
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Fast But Fleeting: Adaptive Motor Learning Processes Associated with Aging and Cognitive Decline

机译：快速但迅速发展：与衰老和认知能力下降相关的自适应运动学习过程

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摘要

Motor learning has been shown to depend on multiple interacting learning processes. For example, learning to adapt when moving grasped objects with novel dynamics involves a fast process that adapts and decays quickly—and that has been linked to explicit memory—and a slower process that adapts and decays more gradually. Each process is characterized by a learning rate that controls how strongly motor memory is updated based on experienced errors and a retention factor determining the movement-to-movement decay in motor memory. Here we examined whether fast and slow motor learning processes involved in learning novel dynamics differ between younger and older adults. In addition, we investigated how age-related decline in explicit memory performance influences learning and retention parameters. Although the groups adapted equally well, they did so with markedly different underlying processes. Whereas the groups had similar fast processes, they had different slow processes. Specifically, the older adults exhibited decreased retention in their slow process compared with younger adults. Within the older group, who exhibited considerable variation in explicit memory performance, we found that poor explicit memory was associated with reduced retention in the fast process, as well as the slow process. These findings suggest that explicit memory resources are a determining factor in impairments in the both the fast and slow processes for motor learning but that aging effects on the slow process are independent of explicit memory declines.
机译：运动学习已被证明依赖于多个相互作用的学习过程。例如，学习以新颖的动力学移动所抓取的对象时要适应，这涉及到一个快速适应和衰减的快速过程（该过程已与显式记忆相关联）和一个较慢的过程，逐渐适应并逐渐衰减。每个过程的特征在于学习率，该学习率可根据经历的错误来控制电机存储器的更新强度，以及确定电机存储器中运动间运动衰减的保留因子。在这里，我们研究了年轻人和老年人之间在学习新型动力学中涉及的快速和慢速运动学习过程是否有所不同。此外，我们调查了与年龄有关的显式记忆表现下降如何影响学习和保留参数。尽管各小组的适应程度均相同，但他们在基础流程上却截然不同。各个小组的快速过程相似，而慢速过程则不同。具体而言，与年轻人相比，老年人在缓慢的过程中表现出减少的retention留。在较老的组中，显式内存的性能表现出很大的差异，我们发现显式内存的不良与快速进程和慢进程的保留减少有关。这些发现表明，显式记忆资源是运动学习的快慢过程中障碍的决定因素，但对慢速过程的衰老影响与外显记忆的下降无关。

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