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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>The Journal of Neuroscience >Conscious Vision Proceeds from Global to Local Content in Goal-Directed Tasks and Spontaneous Vision
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Conscious Vision Proceeds from Global to Local Content in Goal-Directed Tasks and Spontaneous Vision

机译：在目标导向的任务和自发的愿景中从全球内容到本地内容的自觉视野

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The reverse hierarchy theory () makes strong, but so far untested, predictions on conscious vision. In this theory, local details encoded in lower-order visual areas are unconsciously processed before being automatically and rapidly combined into global information in higher-order visual areas, where conscious percepts emerge. Contingent on current goals, local details can afterward be consciously retrieved. This model therefore predicts that (1) global information is perceived faster than local details, (2) global information is computed regardless of task demands during early visual processing, and (3) spontaneous vision is dominated by global percepts. We designed novel textured stimuli that are, as opposed to the classic Navon's letters, truly hierarchical (i.e., where global information is solely defined by local information but where local and global orientations can still be manipulated separately). In line with the predictions, observers were systematically faster reporting global than local properties of those stimuli. Second, global information could be decoded from magneto-encephalographic data during early visual processing regardless of task demands. Last, spontaneous subjective reports were dominated by global information and the frequency and speed of spontaneous global perception correlated with the accuracy and speed in the global task. No such correlation was observed for local information. We therefore show that information at different levels of the visual hierarchy is not equally likely to become conscious; rather, conscious percepts emerge preferentially at a global level. We further show that spontaneous reports can be reliable and are tightly linked to objective performance at the global level.>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Is information encoded at different levels of the visual system (local details in low-level areas vs global shapes in high-level areas) equally likely to become conscious? We designed new hierarchical stimuli and provide the first empirical evidence based on behavioral and MEG data that global information encoded at high levels of the visual hierarchy dominates perception. This result held both in the presence and in the absence of task demands. The preferential emergence of percepts at high levels can account for two properties of conscious vision, namely, the dominance of global percepts and the feeling of visual richness reported independently of the perception of local details.
机译：逆向层次理论（）对有意识的视觉做出了强有力的预测，但迄今为止尚未得到检验。在此理论中，低阶视觉区域中编码的局部细节在被自动且快速地组合成高阶视觉区域中的全局信息之前会被无意识地处理，在高阶视觉区域中会出现意识感知。视当前目标而定，随后可以有意识地获取局部细节。因此，该模型预测：（1）全局信息的感知速度快于局部细节；（2）在早期视觉处理期间不考虑任务需求而计算全局信息；（3）自发视觉由全局感知控制。我们设计了新颖的纹理刺激，与经典的Navon字母相反，它们是真正的分层结构（即，全局信息仅由本地信息定义，但本地和全局方向仍可单独操作）。与预测相符，观察者系统地报告这些刺激的全球性结果要快于这些刺激的局部性。其次，无论任务要求如何，都可以在早期视觉处理期间从磁脑电图数据中解码出全局信息。最后，自发性主观报告以全局信息为主导，自发性全局感知的频率和速度与全局任务的准确性和速度相关。对于本地信息，没有观察到这种相关性。因此，我们表明，在视觉层次结构的不同级别上的信息不太可能同样具有意识。相反，有意识的感知优先出现在全球范围内。我们进一步证明，自发报告是可靠的，并且与全球范围内的客观绩效紧密相关。>重要声明是在视觉系统的不同级别上编码的信息（低级别区域与全局的局部细节）高层区域中的形状）是否有同样的意识？我们设计了新的层次刺激，并基于行为和MEG数据提供了第一批经验证据，即在视觉层次上较高级别编码的全局信息在感知中占主导地位。无论任务需求存在与否，这一结果都是如此。高水平感知力的优先出现可以解释意识视觉的两个属性，即全局感知力的优势和独立于局部细节的感知而报告的视觉丰富感。

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