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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology (London England) >Health risks in international container and bulk cargo transport due to volatile toxic compounds
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Health risks in international container and bulk cargo transport due to volatile toxic compounds

机译：挥发性有毒化合物在国际集装箱和散货运输中的健康风险

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To ensure the preservation and quality of the goods, physical (i.e. radiation) or chemical pest control is needed. The dark side of such consents may bear health risks in international transport and production sharing. In fact, between 10% and 20% of all containers arriving European harbors were shown to contain volatile toxic substances above the exposure limit values. Possible exposure to these toxic chemicals may occur not only for the applicators but also the receiver by off gassing from products, packing materials or transport units like containers. A number of intoxications, some with lethal outcome, occur not only during the fumigation, but also during freight transport (on bulk carriers and other transport vessels), as well as in the logistic lines during loading and unloading. Risk occupations include dock-workers, seafarers, inspectors, as well as the usually uninformed workers of importing enterprises that unload the products. Bystanders as well as vulnerable consumers may also be at risk. Ongoing studies focus on the release of these toxic volatile substances from various goods. It was shown that the half-lives of the off-gassing process range between minutes and months, depending on the toxic substance, its chemical reactivity, concentration, the temperature, the contaminated matrix (goods and packing materials), and the packing density in the transport units. Regulations on declaration and handling dangerous goods are mostly not followed.It is obvious that this hazardous situation in freight transport urgently requires preventive steps. In order to improve awareness and relevant knowledge there is a need for more comprehensive information on chemical hazards and a broader implementation of the already existing regulations and guidelines, such as those from ILO, IMO, and national authorities. It is also necessary to have regular controls by the authorities on a worldwide scale, which should be followed by sanctions in case of disregarding regulations. Further, fumigated containers must have a warning sign corresponding to international recommendations and national regulations, and freight documents have to indicate any potential hazard during stripping the goods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12995-015-0059-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译：为了确保货物的保存和质量，需要物理（即辐射）或化学害虫防治。这种同意的阴暗面可能会在国际运输和生产共享中带来健康风险。实际上，已证明到达欧洲港口的所有集装箱中有10％至20％含有高于暴露限值的挥发性有毒物质。由于产品，包装材料或运输工具（例如容器）的放气，不仅有可能对这些有毒化学物质产生暴露，不仅对于施药者而言，而且对于接收器而言也是如此。不仅在熏蒸过程中，而且在货运过程中（散装货船和其他运输船上），以及在装卸过程中的物流线中，都会发生许多中毒事件，其中一些具有致命的后果。风险职业包括码头工人，海员，检查员，以及卸货产品的进口企业通常不知情的工人。旁观者以及脆弱的消费者也可能面临风险。正在进行的研究集中于从各种商品中释放这些有毒挥发性物质。结果表明，放气过程的半衰期在数分钟至数月之间不等，这取决于有毒物质，其化学反应性，浓度，温度，被污染的基质（货物和包装材料）以及包装中的包装密度。运输单位。基本上没有遵守关于危险货物申报和处理的规定，很明显，这种危险情况在货运中迫切需要采取预防措施。为了提高认识和相关知识，有必要提供有关化学危害的更全面信息，并广泛实施已存在的法规和指南，例如来自国际劳工组织，海事组织和国家主管部门的法规。当局还必须在全球范围内进行定期控制，如果不遵守规定，则应进行制裁。此外，熏蒸过的容器必须具有与国际建议和国家法规相对应的警告标志，并且货运文件必须表明在剥离货物时有任何潜在危险。电子补充材料本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186 / s12995-015-0059- 4）包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。

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