Cryptorchidism is one of the most frequent causes of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) in adulthood. Although it is well known that spermatogenesis is more impaired in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchidism, previous studies have only described small cohorts or inhomogeneous population. Consequently, we analyzed a cohort of 225 men with only a history of cryptorchidism as sole etiopathogenetic factor for NOA, and compared testicular sperm extraction (TESE) outcomes between men with bilateral versus unilateral cryptorchidism. Our results show no difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and testicular volumes between men with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism compared to unilateral cryptorchidism (median: 21.3 IU l−1 vs 19.3 IU l−1, P = 0.306; and 7.2 ml vs 7.9 ml, P = 0.543, respectively). In addition, sperm retrieval rates were similar (66.2% vs 60.0%, P = 0.353). Using multivariate analysis, we have found that only a low inhibin B level (above the assay's detection limit) was positively associated with successful sperm retrieval (P < 0.05). Regarding intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes, we found that cumulative pregnancy rate and live birth rate per cycle were not statistically different between the two groups (17.4% vs 27.8%, P = 0.070; and 16.1% vs 26.4%, P = 0.067, respectively). Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in hormonal profiles (FSH, luteinizing hormone [LH], testosterone, and inhibin B levels) and TESE outcomes between unilateral versus bilateral cryptorchidism. This suggests that a history of unilateral cryptorchidism could reflect a bilateral testicular impairment. Interestingly, inhibin B level might be a predictor of successful TESE.
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机译：隐睾症是成年期非阻塞性无精子症（NOA）的最常见原因之一。尽管众所周知，与单侧隐睾症相比，双侧睾丸的生精能力受到更大的损害，但先前的研究仅描述了较小的队列或不均一的人群。因此，我们分析了225名仅有隐睾病史作为NOA唯一病因的男性队列，并比较了双侧隐睾症和单侧隐睾症的男性睾丸精子提取（TESE）结果。我们的结果显示，与单侧隐睾病相比，有双边隐睾病史的男性之间的促卵泡激素（FSH）水平和睾丸体积没有差异（中位数：21.3 IU l −1 与19.3 IU l -1 ，P = 0.306； 7.2 ml和7.9 ml，P = 0.543）。此外，精子回收率相似（66.2％vs 60.0％，P = 0.353）。使用多变量分析，我们发现只有低的抑制素B水平（高于测定的检测极限）才与成功的精子回收呈正相关（P <0.05）。关于胞浆内精子注射结果，我们发现两组之间的累计妊娠率和每个周期的活产率没有统计学差异（分别为17.4％和27.8％，P = 0.070； 16.1％和26.4％，P = 0.067） 。出乎意料的是，单侧隐睾与双侧隐睾之间的激素谱（FSH，黄体生成激素[LH]，睾丸激素和抑制素B水平）和TESE结果无显着差异。这表明单侧隐睾病史可能反映了双侧睾丸损伤。有趣的是，抑制素B水平可能是TESE成功的预测指标。
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