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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Microbial fouling of reverse-osmosis membranes used in advanced wastewater treatment technology: chemical bacteriological and ultrastructural analyses.
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Microbial fouling of reverse-osmosis membranes used in advanced wastewater treatment technology: chemical bacteriological and ultrastructural analyses.

机译：先进废水处理技术中使用的反渗透膜的微生物污染：化学细菌学和超微结构分析。

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Biofouling of reverse-osmosis membranes was investigated at an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Cellulose diacetate membranes operated for approximately 4,000 h became uniformly coated with a mucilaginous fouling layer. The fouling material was approximately 93% water by weight, and nearly 90% of the dehydrated residue was organic in composition. Calcium, phosphorous, sulfur, and chlorine were the major inorganic constituents detected. Protein and carbohydrate represented as much as 30 and 17%, respectively, of the dry weight of the biofilm. Bacteriological plate counts indicated up to 5.6 X 10(6) CFU/cm2 of membrane surface. Accumulation of [3H]glucose in the biofilm and measurement of ATP indicated that the fouling bacteria were metabolically active in situ. The genus Acinetobacter and the Flavobacterium-Moraxella group were the major generic groups associated with the feedwater surface of the membrane, whereas species of the generic groups Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas-Alcaligenes, and Bacillus-Lactobacillus predominated on the permeate water surface. Electron microscopy revealed that the biofilm on the feedwater surface of the membrane was 10 to 20 microns thick and was composed of several layers of compacted bacterial cells, many of which were partially or completely autolyzed. The bacteria were firmly attached to the membrane surface by an extensive network of extracellular polymeric fibrils. Polyester (Texlon) support fibers located on the permeate surface of the reverse osmosis membranes were sparsely colonized, suggesting bacterial regrowth in the product water collection system.
机译：在先进的废水处理设施中对反渗透膜的生物污染进行了研究。操作约4,000小时的纤维素二乙酸酯膜被均匀地涂有粘稠的污垢层。结垢材料是按重量计约93％的水，并且约90％的脱水残余物在组成上是有机的。钙，磷，硫和氯是检测到的主要无机成分。蛋白质和碳水化合物分别占生物膜干重的30％和17％。细菌学平板计数表明膜表面最高为5.6 X 10（6）CFU / cm2。生物膜中[3H]葡萄糖的积累和ATP的测量表明结垢细菌在原位具有代谢活性。不动杆菌属和黄杆菌-莫拉氏菌属组是与膜的给水表面相关的主要通用组，而不渗透杆菌属，假单胞菌-产碱菌和芽孢杆菌-乳杆菌属的通用组种在渗透水表面上占主导地位。电子显微镜显示，膜进水表面的生物膜厚10至20微米，由几层致密细菌细胞组成，其中许多细菌被部分或完全自溶。细菌通过广泛的细胞外聚合物原纤维网络牢固地附着在膜表面。位于反渗透膜渗透表面的聚酯（Texlon）支撑纤维稀疏地定殖，表明细菌在产品集水系统中再生长。

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