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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Relative Rates of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Production by Nitrifiers Denitrifiers and Nitrate Respirers
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Relative Rates of Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Production by Nitrifiers Denitrifiers and Nitrate Respirers

机译：硝化器反硝化器和硝酸盐呼吸器产生一氧化氮和一氧化二氮的相对速率

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Biogenic emissions of nitric and nitrous oxides have important impacts on the photochemistry and chemistry of the atmosphere. Although biogenic production appears to be the overwhelming source of N2O, the magnitude of the biogenic emission of NO is very uncertain. In soils, possible sources of NO and N2O include nitrification by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifiers, denitrification by nitrifiers and denitrifiers, nitrate respiration by fermenters, and chemodenitrification. The availability of oxygen determines to a large extent the relative activities of these various groups of organisms. To better understand this influence, we investigated the effect of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) on the production of NO and N2O by a wide variety of common soil nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrate-respiring bacteria under laboratory conditions. The production of NO per cell was highest by autotrophic nitrifiers and was independent of pO2 in the range tested (0.5 to 10%), whereas N2O production was inversely proportional to pO2. Nitrous oxide production was highest in the denitrifier Pseudomonas fluorescens, but only under anaerobic conditions. The molar ratio of NO/N2O produced was usually greater than unity for nitrifiers and much less than unity for denitrifiers. Chemodenitrification was the major source of both the NO and N2O produced by the nitrate respirer Serratia marcescens. Chemodenitrification was also a possible source of NO and N2O in nitrifier cultures but only when high concentrations of nitrite had accumulated or were added to the medium. Although most of the denitrifiers produced NO and N2O only under anaerobic conditions, chemostat cultures of Alcaligenes faecalis continued to emit these gases even when the cultures were sparged with air. Based upon these results, we predict that aerobic soils are primary sources of NO and that N2O is produced only when there is sufficient soil moisture to provide the anaerobic microsites necessary for denitrification by either denitrifiers or nitrifiers.
机译：一氧化氮和一氧化二氮的生物排放对大气的光化学和化学有重要影响。尽管生物生产似乎是N2O的压倒性来源，但NO的生物排放量尚不确定。在土壤中，一氧化氮和一氧化二氮的可能来源包括自养和异养硝化器的硝化，硝化器和反硝化器的反硝化，发酵罐的硝酸盐呼吸和化学反硝化。氧气的可用性在很大程度上决定了这些不同生物体的相对活性。为了更好地理解这种影响，我们研究了实验室条件下各种常见的土壤硝化，反硝化和呼吸硝酸盐细菌对氧气分压（pO2）对NO和N2O产生的影响。自养硝化器每个细胞的NO产量最高，并且在测试范围内（0.5-10％）与pO2无关，而N2O的产量与pO2成反比。在反硝化荧光假单胞菌中，一氧化二氮的产量最高，但仅在厌氧条件下。对于硝化器，生成的NO / N2O的摩尔比通常大于1，而对于反硝化器则小于1。化学硝化是硝酸盐呼吸器粘质沙雷氏菌产生的NO和N2O的主要来源。化学硝化也是硝化器培养物中NO和N2O的可能来源，但仅当高浓度的亚硝酸盐积累或添加到培养基中时才可能。尽管大多数反硝化器仅在厌氧条件下产生NO和N2O，但粪便产碱菌的恒化器培养物仍继续释放这些气体，即使在培养物充满空气的情况下也是如此。根据这些结果，我们预测好氧土壤是NO的主要来源，只有在土壤水分足够以提供反硝化器或硝化器反硝化所需的厌氧性微场所时，才会产生N2O。

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