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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Geomicrobiology of High-Level Nuclear Waste-Contaminated Vadose Sediments at the Hanford Site Washington State
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Geomicrobiology of High-Level Nuclear Waste-Contaminated Vadose Sediments at the Hanford Site Washington State

机译：华盛顿州汉福德基地高污染核废料渗流沉积物的地球微生物学

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Sediments from a high-level nuclear waste plume were collected as part of investigations to evaluate the potential fate and migration of contaminants in the subsurface. The plume originated from a leak that occurred in 1962 from a waste tank consisting of high concentrations of alkali, nitrate, aluminate, Cr(VI), 137Cs, and 99Tc. Investigations were initiated to determine the distribution of viable microorganisms in the vadose sediment samples, probe the phylogeny of cultivated and uncultivated members, and evaluate the ability of the cultivated organisms to survive acute doses of ionizing radiation. The populations of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were generally low, from below detection to ∼104 CFU g−1, but viable microorganisms were recovered from 11 of 16 samples, including several of the most radioactive ones (e.g., >10 μCi of 137Cs/g). The isolates from the contaminated sediments and clone libraries from sediment DNA extracts were dominated by members related to known gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria most closely related to Arthrobacter species were the most common isolates among all samples, but other phyla high in G+C content were also represented, including Rhodococcus and Nocardia. Two isolates from the second-most radioactive sample (>20 μCi of 137Cs g−1) were closely related to Deinococcus radiodurans and were able to survive acute doses of ionizing radiation approaching 20 kGy. Many of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to lower levels of gamma radiation. These results demonstrate that gram-positive bacteria, predominantly from phyla high in G+C content, are indigenous to Hanford vadose sediments and that some are effective at surviving the extreme physical and chemical stress associated with radioactive waste.
机译：收集了高级别核废料羽流中的沉积物，以评估地下污染物的潜在命运和迁移。羽流起因于1962年发生的泄漏，该泄漏是由一个废物箱造成的，该废物箱由高浓度的碱，硝酸盐，铝酸盐，Cr（VI）， 137 Cs和 99 Tc组成。已开始调查以确定渗流沉积物样品中活菌的分布，探测培养和未培养成员的系统发育，并评估培养生物在急性剂量电离辐射中的存活能力。活的需氧异养细菌的数量通常很低，从低于检测到〜10 4 CFU g -1 ，但是从16个样品中的11个中回收了活微生物，包括几个放射性最高的（例如， 137 Cs / g的> 10μCi）。来自受污染沉积物的分离物和来自沉积物DNA提取物的克隆文库被与已知革兰氏阳性细菌有关的成员所控制。在所有样品中，与节杆菌属种类最密切相关的革兰氏阳性细菌是最常见的分离株，但也代表了G + C含量较高的其他门类，包括红球菌和诺卡氏菌。来自第二高放射性样品的两个分离株（> 20μCi的 137 Cs g −1 ）与放射杜鹃球菌密切相关，并且能够经受急性剂量的电离辐射接近20 kGy。许多革兰氏阳性分离株对较低水平的伽马辐射有抵抗力。这些结果表明，革兰氏阳性细菌主要来自高G + C含量的门，是汉福德渗流沉积物的固有细菌，并且某些细菌能有效抵抗与放射性废物相关的极端物理和化学胁迫。

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