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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Degradation and Mineralization of Nanomolar Concentrations of the Herbicide Dichlobenil and Its Persistent Metabolite 26-Dichlorobenzamide by Aminobacter spp. Isolated from Dichlobenil-Treated Soils
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Degradation and Mineralization of Nanomolar Concentrations of the Herbicide Dichlobenil and Its Persistent Metabolite 26-Dichlorobenzamide by Aminobacter spp. Isolated from Dichlobenil-Treated Soils

机译：氨基除菌剂对纳摩尔浓度的除草剂二苯甲腈及其持久性代谢物26-二氯苯甲酰胺的降解和矿化作用。分离自二苯甲腈处理过的土壤

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摘要

2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a persistent metabolite from the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), is the pesticide residue most frequently detected in Danish groundwater. A BAM-mineralizing bacterial community was enriched from dichlobenil-treated soil sampled from the courtyard of a former plant nursery. A BAM-mineralizing bacterium (designated strain MSH1) was cultivated and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fatty acid analysis as being closely related to members of the genus Aminobacter, including the only cultured BAM degrader, Aminobacter sp. strain ASI1. Strain MSH1 mineralized 15 to 64% of the added [ring-U-14C]BAM to 14CO2 with BAM at initial concentrations in the range of 7.9 nM to 263.1 μM provided as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay analysis with antibodies against BAM revealed residue concentrations of 0.35 to 18.05 nM BAM following incubation for 10 days, corresponding to a BAM depletion of 95.6 to 99.9%. In contrast to the Aminobacter sp. strain ASI1, strain MSH1 also mineralized the herbicide itself along with several metabolites, including ortho-chlorobenzonitrile, ortho-chlorobenzoic acid, and benzonitrile, making it the first known dichlobenil-mineralizing bacterium. Aminobacter type strains not previously exposed to dichlobenil or BAM were capable of degrading nonchlorinated structural analogs. Combined, these results suggest that closely related Aminobacter strains may have a selective advantage in BAM-contaminated environments, since they are able to use this metabolite or structurally related compounds as a carbon and nitrogen source.
机译：2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺（BAM）是除草剂2,6-二氯苄腈（二氯苯甲腈）的持久性代谢产物，是丹麦地下水中最常发现的农药残留。一个BAM矿化细菌群落从前植物苗圃的院子里取样的二氯苯腈处理过的土壤中富集。培养了BAM矿化细菌（命名为MSH1菌株），并通过16S rRNA基因测序和脂肪酸分析将其鉴定为与Aminobacter属成员密切相关，包括唯一培养的BAM降解菌Aminobacter sp。菌株ASI1。 MSH1菌株在7.9 nM至263.1μM的初始浓度下用BAM矿化了添加到[sup> 14 CO2中的[ring-U- 14 C] BAM的15％至64％作为唯一的碳，氮和能源提供。用抗BAM抗体进行的定量酶联免疫分析表明，孵育10天后BAM的残留浓度为0.35至18.05 nM，相当于BAM消耗为95.6至99.9％。与氨基杆菌属。菌株ASI1，MSH1也使除草剂本身以及几种代谢物（包括邻氯苄腈，邻氯苯甲酸和苄腈）矿化，使其成为第一种已知的二氯苯胺矿化细菌。以前未暴露于二氯苯甲醚或BAM的氨基细菌型菌株能够降解非氯化结构类似物。综合起来，这些结果表明，密切相关的氨基杆菌菌株在BAM污染的环境中可能具有选择优势，因为它们能够使用这种代谢物或与结构相关的化合物作为碳源和氮源。

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