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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin-Producing Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile in Northeast Germany
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Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin-Producing Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon gracile in Northeast Germany

机译：德国东北部麻痹性贝类毒素中毒产蓝藻Aphanizomenon。

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Neurotoxic paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, anatoxin-a (ATX), and hepatotoxic cylindrospermopsin (CYN) have been detected in several lakes in northeast Germany during the last 2 decades. They are produced worldwide by members of the nostocalean genera Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis, and Aphanizomenon. Although no additional sources of PSP toxins and ATX have been identified in German water bodies to date, the observed CYN concentrations cannot be produced solely by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, the only known CYN producer in Germany. Therefore, we attempted to identify PSP toxin, ATX, and CYN producers by isolating and characterizing 92 Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, and Anabaenopsis strains from five lakes in northeast Germany. In a polyphasic approach, all strains were morphologically and phylogenetically classified and then tested for PSP toxins, ATX, and CYN by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and screened for the presence of PSP toxin- and CYN-encoding gene fragments. As demonstrated by ELISA and LC-MS, 14 Aphanizomenon gracile strains from Lakes Melang and Scharmützel produced four PSP toxin variants (gonyautoxin 5 [GTX5], decarbamoylsaxitoxin [dcSTX], saxitoxin [STX], and neosaxitoxin [NEO]). GTX5 was the most prevalent PSP toxin variant among the seven strains from Lake Scharmützel, and NEO was the most prevalent among the seven strains from Lake Melang. The sxtA gene, which is part of the saxitoxin gene cluster, was found in the 14 PSP toxin-producing A. gracile strains and in 11 non-PSP toxin-producing Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi, A. flos-aquae, Anabaena planktonica, and Anabaenopsis elenkinii strains. ATX and CYN were not detected in any of the isolated strains. This study is the first confirming the role of A. gracile as a PSP toxin producer in German water bodies.
机译：在过去的20年中，在德国东北部的几个湖泊中发现了神经毒性麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）毒素，毒素a（ATX）和肝毒性cylindrospermopsin（CYN）。它们在世界范围内由烟草属的Anabaena，Cylindrospermopsis和Aphanizomenon成员生产。尽管迄今为止在德国水体中尚未发现PSP毒素和ATX的其他来源，但观察到的CYN浓度不能仅由德国唯一已知的CYN生产商Aphanizomenon flos-aquae产生。因此，我们试图通过分离和鉴定来自德国东北部五个湖泊的92个鱼腥藻，Aphanizomenon和鱼腥藻菌株来鉴定PSP毒素，ATX和CYN产生者。在多相方法中，对所有菌株进行形态和系统发育分类，然后通过液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS / MS）和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）测试PSP毒素，ATX和CYN的含量，并筛选PSP毒素和CYN编码基因片段的存在。如ELISA和LC-MS所示，来自Melang湖和Scharmützel湖的14种Aphanizomenon gracile菌株产生了4种PSP毒素变体（gonyautoxin 5 [GTX5]，decarbamoylsaxitoxin [dcSTX]，saxitoxin [STX]和新萨克毒素[NEO]）。在Scharmützel湖的7株菌株中，GTX5是最普遍的PSP毒素变异体，而在Melang湖的7株菌株中，NEO最普遍。 sxtA基因是saxitoxin基因簇的一部分，在14个产生PSP毒素的拟南芥菌株和11个非生产PSP毒素的Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi，A。flos-aquae，Anabaena浮游生物和Anabaenopsis elenkinii中发现了sxtA基因。株。在任何分离的菌株中均未检测到ATX和CYN。这项研究首次证实了A. gracile作为德国水体中PSP毒素生产者的作用。

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