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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Applied and Environmental Microbiology >Calcite Biomineralization by Bacterial Isolates from the Recently Discovered Pristine Karstic Herrenberg Cave
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Calcite Biomineralization by Bacterial Isolates from the Recently Discovered Pristine Karstic Herrenberg Cave

机译：最近发现的原始喀斯特喀斯特黑尔伦贝格洞穴细菌分离出的方解石生物矿化作用

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Karstic caves represent one of the most important subterranean carbon storages on Earth and provide windows into the subsurface. The recent discovery of the Herrenberg Cave, Germany, gave us the opportunity to investigate the diversity and potential role of bacteria in carbonate mineral formation. Calcite was the only mineral observed by Raman spectroscopy to precipitate as stalactites from seepage water. Bacterial cells were found on the surface and interior of stalactites by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Proteobacteria dominated the microbial communities inhabiting stalactites, representing more than 70% of total 16S rRNA gene clones. Proteobacteria formed 22 to 34% of the detected communities in fluvial sediments, and a large fraction of these bacteria were also metabolically active. A total of 9 isolates, belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, and Stenotrophomonas, grew on alkaline carbonate-precipitating medium. Two cultures with the most intense precipitate formation, Arthrobacter sulfonivorans and Rhodococcus globerulus, grew as aggregates, produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and formed mixtures of calcite, vaterite, and monohydrocalcite. R. globerulus formed idiomorphous crystals with rhombohedral morphology, whereas A. sulfonivorans formed xenomorphous globular crystals, evidence for taxon-specific crystal morphologies. The results of this study highlighted the importance of combining various techniques in order to understand the geomicrobiology of karstic caves, but further studies are needed to determine whether the mineralogical biosignatures found in nutrient-rich media can also be found in oligotrophic caves.
机译：岩溶洞穴是地球上最重要的地下碳库之一，为地下提供了窗户。德国黑伦贝格洞穴（Herrenberg Cave）的最新发现为我们提供了研究细菌在碳酸盐矿物形成中的多样性和潜在作用的机会。方解石是拉曼光谱法观察到的唯一从渗水中以钟乳石形式沉淀的矿物。通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜在钟乳石的表面和内部发现细菌细胞。蛋白质细菌在居住着钟乳石的微生物群落中占主导地位，占16S rRNA基因克隆总数的70％以上。细菌细菌在河流沉积物中形成了22％至34％的检测到的群落，这些细菌中的很大一部分也具有代谢活性。在碱性碳酸盐沉淀培养基上生长了总共9种分离株，分别属于节杆菌属，黄杆菌属，假单胞菌属，红球菌属，沙雷氏菌属和嗜单胞菌属。两种具有最强烈沉淀形成的培养物，即亚硫酸杆菌和球形红球菌，以聚集体形式生长，产生细胞外聚合物（EPS），并形成方解石，球ate石和单氢方解石的混合物。球形球菌形成具有菱面体形态的异形晶体，而硫磺菌形成异形球状晶体，这是分类群特异性晶体形态的证据。这项研究的结果突出了结合各种技术以了解岩溶洞穴的微生物学的重要性，但是还需要进一步的研究以确定在营养丰富的洞穴中是否还能发现在营养丰富的介质中发现的矿物生物特征。

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