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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Annals of Botany >Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on Photosynthetic Traits of Maize Hybrids Released in Different Years
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Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency on Photosynthetic Traits of Maize Hybrids Released in Different Years

机译：缺氮对不同年份玉米杂交种光合特性的影响

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• Background and Aims New maize (Zea mays) hybrids outperformed old ones even at reduced N rates. Understanding the mechanisms of the differences in performance between newer and older hybrids under N deficiency could provide avenues for breeding maize cultivars with large yield under N deficiency, and reduce environmental pollution caused by N fertilizers.• Methods N deficiency effects on grain weight, plant weight, harvest index, leaf area and photosynthetic traits were studied in the field for six maize hybrids released during the past 50 years to compare their tolerance and to explore their physiological mechanisms.• Key Results N deficiency decreased grain yield and plant weight in all hybrids, especially in the older hybrids. However, there was no significant difference in harvest index, rate of light-saturated photosynthesis (Psat) 20 d before flowering, leaf area or plant weight at flowering between the N-deficient and control plants of all hybrids. Dry matter production after flowering of the N-deficient plants was significantly lower than that of the control plants in all hybrids, especially in the older hybrids, and was mostly due to differences in the rate of decrease in photosynthetic capacity during this stage. The lower Psat of the older hybrids was not due to stomatal limitation, as there was no significant difference in stomatal conductance (gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) between the hybrids. N deficiency accelerated senescence, i.e. decreased chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, after anthesis more for the earlier released hybrids than for the later ones. N deficiency decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity significantly more in older hybrids than newer hybrids, and affected the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) only in the old hybrids and at the late stage.• Conclusions Compared with older (earlier released) hybrids, newer (later released) hybrids maintained greater plant and grain weight under N deficiency because their photosynthetic capacity decreased more slowly after anthesis, associated with smaller non-stomatal limitations due to maintenance of PEPCase activity, and chlorophyll and soluble protein content.
机译：•背景和目标即使氮含量降低，新玉米（Zea mays）杂交种的表现也要优于旧玉米。了解氮不足条件下新旧杂交种性能差异的机理，可以为氮不足条件下高产玉米品种的育种提供途径，并减少氮肥对环境的污染。在田间研究了过去50年内释放的6个玉米杂交种的收获指数，叶面积和光合特性，以比较其耐性并探索其生理机制。•关键结果氮缺乏降低了所有杂交种的籽粒产量和植物重量，特别是在较旧的混合动力车中然而，所有杂种的N-亏缺植物与收获前的开花指数，开花前20 d的光饱和光合作用速率（Psat），开花时的叶面积或植物重量均无显着差异。在所有杂种中，尤其是在较老的杂种中，缺氮植物开花后的干物质产量显着低于对照植物，这主要是由于在此阶段光合能力下降速率的差异所致。较早杂种的较低的Psat并非由于气孔的限制，因为杂种之间的气孔导度（gs）和细胞间CO2浓度（Ci）没有显着差异。氮缺乏会加速衰老，即降低花后叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的含量。氮缺乏降低了旧杂种中磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPCase）的活性比新杂种显着更多，并且仅在旧杂种中和后期才影响PSII光化学的最大效率（Fv / Fm）。•结论与旧杂种（较早发布）相比）杂种，较新的（较晚发布的）杂种在氮缺乏下保持较高的植物和籽粒重量，因为它们的光合能力在花期后下降得更慢，并且由于维持PEPCase活性以及叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量而导致较小的非气孔限制。

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