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Accidental Versus Operational Oil Spills from Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Risk Governance and Management Strategies

机译：波罗的海航运的意外事故与经营性溢油：风险治理和管理策略

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摘要

Marine governance of oil transportation is complex. Due to difficulties in effectively monitoring procedures on vessels en voyage, incentives to save costs by not following established regulations on issues such as cleaning of tanks, crew size, and safe navigation may be substantial. The issue of problem structure is placed in focus, that is, to what degree the specific characteristics and complexity of intentional versus accidental oil spill risks affect institutional responses. It is shown that whereas the risk of accidental oil spills primarily has been met by technical requirements on the vessels in combination with Port State control, attempts have been made to curb intentional pollution by for example increased surveillance and smart governance mechanisms such as the No-Special-Fee system. It is suggested that environmental safety could be improved by increased use of smart governance mechanisms tightly adapted to key actors’ incentives to alter behavior in preferable directions.
机译：石油运输的海洋治理十分复杂。由于无法有效监控航程中的程序，因此可能会采取大量激励措施，以不遵循已制定的法规（例如清洁油箱，船员人数和安全航行）来节省成本。问题结构的问题成为焦点，即故意和意外漏油风险的具体特征和复杂性在多大程度上影响了机构的反应。结果表明，虽然溢油事故的风险主要是通过船舶技术要求与港口国控制相结合来解决的，但人们仍在尝试通过增加监视和明智的治理机制（例如，特殊费用系统。建议通过增加使用智能治理机制来改善环境安全，这种机制应严格适应关键行为者在可喜的方向改变行为的动机。

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