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Megacities and Large Urban Agglomerations in the Coastal Zone: Interactions Between Atmosphere Land and Marine Ecosystems

机译:沿海地区的特大城市和大型城市群:大气土地和海洋生态系统之间的相互作用

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摘要

Megacities are not only important drivers for socio-economic development but also sources of environmental challenges. Many megacities and large urban agglomerations are located in the coastal zone where land, atmosphere, and ocean meet, posing multiple environmental challenges which we consider here. The atmospheric flow around megacities is complicated by urban heat island effects and topographic flows and sea breezes and influences air pollution and human health. The outflow of polluted air over the ocean perturbs biogeochemical processes. Contaminant inputs can damage downstream coastal zone ecosystem function and resources including fisheries, induce harmful algal blooms and feedback to the atmosphere via marine emissions. The scale of influence of megacities in the coastal zone is hundreds to thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere and tens to hundreds of kilometers in the ocean. We list research needs to further our understanding of coastal megacities with the ultimate aim to improve their environmental management.
机译:特大城市不仅是社会经济发展的重要驱动力,而且还是环境挑战的根源。许多大城市和大型城市群位于陆地,大气和海洋交汇的沿海地区,这构成了我们在这里考虑的多重环境挑战。大城市周围的大气流动因城市热岛效应,地形流动和海风而变得复杂,并影响空气污染和人类健康。海洋上空的污染空气流出扰动了生物地球化学过程。污染物的输入会损害下游沿海地区的生态系统功能和包括渔业在内的资源,诱发有害的藻华并通过海洋排放物向大气反馈。沿海地区特大城市的影响规模在大气中为数百至数千公里,在海洋中为数十至数百公里。我们列出了研究需求,以加深对沿海特大城市的了解,最终目的是改善其环境管理。

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