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Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective

机译:核武器试验和环境后果:全球视角

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摘要

The beginning of the atomic age marked the outset of nuclear weapons testing, which is responsible for the radioactive contamination of a large number of sites worldwide. The paper aims to analyze nuclear weapons tests conducted in the second half of the twentieth century, highlighting the impact of radioactive pollution on the atmospheric, aquatic, and underground environments. Special attention was given to the concentration of main radioactive isotopes which were released, such as 14C, 137Cs, and 90Sr, generally stored in the atmosphere and marine environment. In addition, an attempt was made to trace the spatial delimitation of the most heavily contaminated sites worldwide, and to note the human exposure which has caused a significantly increased incidence of thyroidal cancer locally and regionally. The United States is one of the important examples of assessing the correlation between the increase in the thyroid cancer incidence rate and the continental-scale radioactive contamination with 131I, a radioactive isotope which was released in large amounts during the nuclear tests carried out in the main test site, Nevada.
机译:原子年龄的开始标志着核武器测试的开始,这是导致全世界许多地点受到放射性污染的原因。本文旨在分析在20世纪下半叶进行的核武器试验,重点介绍放射性污染对大气,水生和地下环境的影响。特别注意释放的主要放射性同位素的浓度,如通常存储的 14 C, 137 Cs和 90 Sr在大气和海洋环境中。此外,还试图追踪世界范围内最严重污染的地点的空间划界,并注意到人类暴露已导致局部和区域甲状腺癌发病率显着增加。美国是评估甲状腺癌发生率增加与大陆范围放射性物质 131 I的放射性同位素之间的相关性的重要例子之一。在内华达州主要测试地点进行的核试验。

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