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A method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations in boreal headwater streams

机译：估算截割方式对北方源水上游养分浓度影响的一种方法

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Large-scale forestry operations, like clear-cutting, may impair surface water quality if not done with environmental considerations in mind. Catchment and country level estimates of nutrient loads from forestry are generally based on specific export values, i.e., changes in annual exports due to the implemented forestry operations expressed in kg ha−1. We introduce here a specific concentration approach as a method to estimate the impact of clear-cutting on nutrient concentrations and export in headwater streams. This new method is potentially a more dynamic and flexible tool to estimate nutrient loads caused by forestry, because variation in annual runoff can be taken into account in load assessments. We combined water quality data from eight boreal headwater catchment pairs located in Finland and Sweden, where the effect of clear-cutting on stream water quality has been studied experimentally. Statistically significant specific concentration values could be produced for total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. The significant increases in the concentrations of these nutrients occurred between 2 and 6 years after clear-cutting. Significant specific concentration values could not be produced for total phosphorus and total organic carbon with the whole dataset, although in some single studies significant increases in their concentrations after clear-cutting were observed. The presented method enables taking into account variation in runoff, temporal dynamics of effects, and the proportional size of the treated area in load calculations. The number of existing studies considering large site-specific variation in responses to clear-cutting is small, and therefore further empirical studies are needed to improve predictive capabilities of the specific concentration values.
机译：如果不考虑环境因素，大规模的林业操作（例如砍伐森林）可能会损害地表水质量。林业的营养负荷的集水量和国家水平的估算通常基于特定的出口价值，即由于实施的林业作业导致的年出口量的变化，以kg ha -1 表示。我们在这里介绍一种特定的浓缩方法，作为一种方法来估算截割方式对养分浓度和源头水流出口的影响。由于可以在负荷评估中考虑年径流量的变化，因此这种新方法可能是一种更加动态和灵活的工具来估算林业造成的养分负荷。我们结合了来自芬兰和瑞典的8个北方源头水域汇水对的水质数据，通过实验研究了截水对溪流水质的影响。对于总氮，硝酸盐，铵和磷酸盐，可以产生统计学上显着的比浓度值。这些营养成分的浓度在清除后的2至6年间显着增加。尽管整个数据集中的总磷和总有机碳的总比浓值无法得出，但在某些单一研究中，观察到明确的浓度后其总浓度却显着增加。提出的方法能够在负荷计算中考虑径流的变化，影响的时间动态以及处理区域的比例大小。考虑到明确响应响应中的特定位置有较大差异的现有研究数量很少，因此需要进一步的经验研究以提高特定浓度值的预测能力。

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