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Effect of transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells on adult neurogenesis in aged hippocampus

机译:人胚胎干细胞源性神经祖细胞移植对老年海马成年神经发生的影响

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摘要

Adult neurogenesis occurs within the special microenvironment in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle of the mammalian brain. The special microenvironment is known as neurogenic niches. Multiple cell types, including endothelial cells, astroglia, ependymal cells, immature progeny of neural stem cells, and mature neurons, comprise the neurogenic niche. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells towards the neural lineage results in the generation of different neuronal subtypes and non-neuronal cells (mainly astrocytes). Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells can be used to modify neurogenic niches for facilitating adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, if generated new neurons are functionally integrated into the existing circuits of the aged hippocampus, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and learning/memory functions in aged mice should be enhanced. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the concepts in the regulation of adult neurogenesis by neurogenic niches and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of stem cell transplantation on adult neurogenesis in aged hippocampus
机译:成年神经发生发生在哺乳动物脑海马颗粒下区和脑室侧脑室下区的特殊微环境中。这种特殊的微环境被称为神经生境。包括内皮细胞,星形胶质细胞,室管膜细胞,神经干细胞的不成熟后代和成熟神经元在内的多种细胞类型构成了神经源性利基。胚胎干细胞向神经谱系的分化导致产生不同的神经元亚型和非神经元细胞(主要是星形胶质细胞)。因此,可以合理地假设,人类胚胎干细胞来源的神经祖细胞的移植可用于修饰神经源性壁ches,以促进成年神经发生。此外,如果将产生的新神经元功能性整合到老年海马的现有回路中,则应增强海马的突触可塑性和老年小鼠的学习/记忆功能。在本文中,我们提供了关于神经源性壁ches调节成人神经发生的概念的全面综述,并讨论了干细胞移植对老年海马中成人神经发生的影响的分子机制。

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