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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Advances in Nutrition >Integrating Nutrition and Child Development Interventions: Scientific Basis Evidence of Impact and Implementation Considerations
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Integrating Nutrition and Child Development Interventions: Scientific Basis Evidence of Impact and Implementation Considerations

机译：营养与儿童发展干预措施的整合：科学依据影响证据和实施注意事项

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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have contributed to unprecedented reductions in poverty and improvement in the lives of millions of men, women, and children in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, hundreds of millions of children under 5 y of age are not reaching their developmental potential. This article reviews the scientific basis for early childhood nutrition and child development interventions, the impact of integrated interventions on children’s linear growth and cognitive development, and implementation strategies for integrated nutrition and child development programs. Advances in brain science have documented that the origins of adult health and well-being are grounded in early childhood, from conception through age 24 mo (first 1000 d) and extending to age 5 y (second 1000 d). Young children with adequate nutrition, nurturant caregiving, and opportunities for early learning have the best chances of thriving. Evidence from adoption, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies has shown that stunting prevention is sensitive during the first 1000 d, and sensitivity to child development interventions extends through the second 1000 d. Cognitive development responds to interventions post–1000 d with effect sizes that are inversely associated with initial age and length of program exposure. Integrated interventions need governance structures that support integrated policies and programming, with attention to training, supervision, and monitoring. The MDGs have been replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with targets for the next 15 y. Achievement of the SDGs depends on children receiving adequate nutrition, nurturant caregiving, and learning opportunities from conception through age 5.
机译：千年发展目标（MDGs）为中低收入国家前所未有的减少贫困和改善数百万男人，妇女和儿童的生活做出了贡献。然而，亿万5岁以下的儿童尚未达到他们的发展潜力。本文回顾了幼儿营养和儿童发展干预措施的科学依据，综合干预对儿童线性成长和认知发展的影响，以及综合营养和儿童发展计划的实施策略。脑科学的进步已经证明，成人健康和幸福的起源是在儿童早期，从受孕到24 mo（头1000 d）到5 y（第二1000 d）。具有足够营养，有营养的照料和早期学习机会的幼儿最有可能成长。收养，实验和准实验研究的证据表明，发育迟缓的预防在头1000 d很敏感，而对儿童发育干预的敏感性一直持续到1000 d。认知发展对1000 d后的干预做出反应，其效应大小与初始年龄和项目暴露时间成反比。综合干预需要治理结构，该结构应支持综合政策和规划，同时要注意培训，监督和监控。千年发展目标已由可持续发展目标（SDG）取代，目标是未来15年。可持续发展目标的实现取决于儿童从受孕到5岁之间接受足够的营养，营养照料和学习机会。

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