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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Effects of Age Season Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2)
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Effects of Age Season Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2)

机译：年龄季节性别和城乡状况对时间活动的影响：加拿大人类活动模式调查2（CHAPS 2）

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Estimation of population exposure is a main component of human health risk assessment for environmental contaminants. Population-level exposure assessments require time-activity pattern distributions in relation to microenvironments where people spend their time. Societal trends may have influenced time-activity patterns since previous Canadian data were collected 15 years ago. The Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2) was a national survey conducted in 2010–2011 to collect time-activity information from Canadians of all ages. Five urban and two rural locations were sampled using telephone surveys. Infants and children, key groups in risk assessment activities, were over-sampled. Survey participants (n = 5,011) provided time-activity information in 24-hour recall diaries and responded to supplemental questionnaires concerning potential exposures to specific pollutants, dwelling characteristics, and socio-economic factors. Results indicated that a majority of the time was spent indoors (88.9%), most of which was indoors at home, with limited time spent outdoors (5.8%) or in a vehicle (5.3%). Season, age, gender and rurality were significant predictors of time activity patterns. Compared to earlier data, adults reported spending more time indoors at home and adolescents reported spending less time outdoors, which could be indicative of broader societal trends. These findings have potentially important implications for assessment of exposure and risk. The CHAPS 2 data also provide much larger sample sizes to allow for improved precision and are more representative of infants, children and rural residents.
机译：人口接触估计是人类健康风险评估中环境污染物的主要组成部分。人群水平的暴露评估要求与人们花费时间的微环境相关的时间-活动模式分布。自从15年前收集加拿大以前的数据以来，社会趋势可能已经影响了时间活动模式。加拿大人类活动模式调查2（CHAPS 2）是2010-2011年进行的一项全国调查，旨在收集各个年龄段的加拿大人的时间活动信息。使用电话调查对五个城市地区和两个农村地区进行了抽样。婴儿和儿童是风险评估活动中的关键人群，被过度采样。参与调查的参与者（n = 5,011）在24小时召回日记中提供了时间活动信息，并回答了有关特定污染物的潜在暴露量，居住特征和社会经济因素的补充调查表。结果表明，大部分时间都花在室内（88.9％），大部分时间是在室内，而在户外（5.8％）或在车上（5.3％）的时间有限。季节，年龄，性别和农村地区是时间活动模式的重要预测指标。与早先的数据相比，成年人报告在家中花费更多的时间在室内，而青少年报告者在户外花费较少的时间，这可能表明更广泛的社会趋势。这些发现对于评估暴露和风险具有潜在的重要意义。 CHAPS 2数据还提供了更大的样本量，以提高精度，并且更能代表婴儿，儿童和农村居民。

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