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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience >Selective visual attention to drive cognitive brain–machine interfaces: from concepts to neurofeedback and rehabilitation applications
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Selective visual attention to drive cognitive brain–machine interfaces: from concepts to neurofeedback and rehabilitation applications

机译：选择性视觉注意力驱动认知脑机界面：从概念到神经反馈和康复应用

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Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) using motor cortical activity to drive an external effector like a screen cursor or a robotic arm have seen enormous success and proven their great rehabilitation potential. An emerging parallel effort is now directed to BMIs controlled by endogenous cognitive activity, also called cognitive BMIs. While more challenging, this approach opens new dimensions to the rehabilitation of cognitive disorders. In the present work, we focus on BMIs driven by visuospatial attention signals and we provide a critical review of these studies in the light of the accumulated knowledge about the psychophysics, anatomy, and neurophysiology of visual spatial attention. Importantly, we provide a unique comparative overview of the several studies, ranging from non-invasive to invasive human and non-human primates studies, that decode attention-related information from ongoing neuronal activity. We discuss these studies in the light of the challenges attention-driven cognitive BMIs have to face. In a second part of the review, we discuss past and current attention-based neurofeedback studies, describing both the covert effects of neurofeedback onto neuronal activity and its overt behavioral effects. Importantly, we compare neurofeedback studies based on the amplitude of cortical activity to studies based on the enhancement of cortical information content. Last, we discuss several lines of future research and applications for attention-driven cognitive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), including the rehabilitation of cognitive deficits, restored communication in locked-in patients, and open-field applications for enhanced cognition in normal subjects. The core motivation of this work is the key idea that the improvement of current cognitive BMIs for therapeutic and open field applications needs to be grounded in a proper interdisciplinary understanding of the physiology of the cognitive function of interest, be it spatial attention, working memory or any other cognitive signal.
机译：利用运动皮层活动来驱动诸如屏幕光标或机械臂之类的外部效应器的脑机接口（BMI）取得了巨大的成功，并证明了其巨大的康复潜力。现在，新兴的并行工作针对受内源性认知活动控制的BMI，也称为认知BMI。尽管更具挑战性，但这种方法为认知障碍的康复开辟了新的领域。在当前的工作中，我们专注于由视觉空间注意信号驱动的BMI，并且根据对视觉空间注意的心理物理学，解剖学和神经生理学的积累知识，对这些研究进行严格的审查。重要的是，我们提供了从无创到有创人类和非人类灵长类研究的几项研究的独特比较概述，这些研究从正在进行的神经元活动中解码与注意力相关的信息。我们根据注意力驱动的认知BMI所面临的挑战讨论这些研究。在本综述的第二部分中，我们讨论了过去和当前基于注意力的神经反馈研究，描述了神经反馈对神经元活动的隐性影响及其明显的行为影响。重要的是，我们将基于皮质活动幅度的神经反馈研究与基于皮质信息内容增强的研究进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了注意力驱动的认知脑计算机接口（BCI）的未来研究和应用的若干方面，包括认知缺陷的康复，锁定患者的恢复交流以及在正常受试者中增强认知的开放领域应用。这项工作的核心动机是一个关键思想，即当前对于治疗和开放领域应用的认知BMI的改善需要建立在对感兴趣的认知功能的生理学（无论是空间注意力，工作记忆还是任何其他认知信号。

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