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Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older Europeans

机译：探索国民经济指标与中老年人之间的相对体质和虚弱之间的关系

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>Background: on an individual level, lower-income has been associated with disability, morbidity and death. On a population level, the relationship of economic indicators with health is unclear.>Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate relative fitness and frailty in relation to national income and healthcare spending, and their relationship with mortality.>Design and setting: secondary analysis of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE); a longitudinal population-based survey which began in 2004.>Subjects: a total of 36,306 community-dwelling people aged 50 and older (16,467 men; 19,839 women) from the 15 countries which participated in the SHARE comprised the study sample. A frailty index was constructed as the proportion of deficits present in relation to the 70 deficits available in SHARE. The characteristics of the frailty index examined were mean, prevalence of frailty and proportion of the fittest group.>Results: the mean value of the frailty index was lower in higher-income countries (0.16 ± 0.12) than in lower-income countries (0.20 ± 0.14); the overall mean frailty index was negatively correlated with both gross domestic product (r = −0.79; P < 0.01) and health expenditure (r = −0.63; P < 0.05). Survival in non-frail participants at 24 months was not associated with national income (P = 0.19), whereas survival in frail people was greater in higher-income countries (P < 0.05).>Conclusions: a country's level of frailty and fitness in adults aged 50+ years is strongly correlated with national economic indicators. In higher-income countries, not only is the prevalence of frailty lower, but frail people also live longer.

机译：>背景：就个人而言，低收入与残疾，发病率和死亡有关。在人口水平上，经济指标与健康之间的关系尚不清楚。>目的：本研究的目的是评估国民收入和医疗保健支出的相对健康度和虚弱性，以及它们与死亡率的关系。。>设计和设置：对欧洲健康，老龄和退休调查（SHARE）中数据的二次分析；一项始于2004年的纵向人口调查。>主题：参与SHARE的15个国家/地区中共有36,306位50岁以上的社区居民（男性16,467名；女性19,839名）研究样本。脆弱指数被构建为存在的赤字相对于SHARE中可用的70赤字的比例。 >结果：：在高收入国家，脆弱指数的平均值较低（0.16±0.12），而在较弱的人群中，该指数的平均值较低。低收入国家（0.20±0.14）；总体平均脆弱指数与国内生产总值（r = -0.79； P <0.01）和医疗保健支出（r = -0.63； P <0.05）均呈负相关。非脆弱参与者在24个月时的存活率与国民收入无关（P = 0.19），而高收入国家脆弱者的生存率更高（P <0.05）。>结论： 50岁以上成年人的身体虚弱和健康水平与国民经济指标密切相关。在高收入国家，不仅脆弱的患病率较低，而且脆弱的人也可以更长寿。

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期刊名称 Age and ageing
作者
Olga Theou; Thomas D. Brothers; Michael R. Rockwood; David Haardt; Arnold Mitnitski; Kenneth Rockwood;
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作者单位

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年(卷),期 -1(42),5
年度 -1
页码 614–619
总页数 6
原文格式 PDF
正文语种
中图分类老年病学;老年卫生;
关键词
ageing frailty Europe SHARE older people;

机译：老龄化;虚弱;欧洲;分享;老年人;

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专利

1. Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older europeans [J] . TheouO., BrothersT.D., ROCKWOODM.R., Age and Ageing: The Journal of the British Geriatrics Society and the British Society for Research on Ageing . 2013,第5期

机译：探索国民经济指标与中欧和老年欧洲人相对健康和体弱之间的关系
2. Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older europeans [J] . TheouO., BrothersT.D., ROCKWOODM.R., Age and Ageing: The Journal of the British Geriatrics Society and the British Society for Research on Ageing . 2013,第5期

机译：探索中年和老年欧洲国家经济指标与相对健身与脆弱的关系
3. Relative fitness and frailty of elderly men and women in developed countries and their relationship with mortality. [J] . Mitnitski A, Song X, Skoog I, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . 2005,第12期

机译：发达国家中老年男女的相对健康和体弱及其与死亡率的关系。
4. Psycho-Correction of Relationship of Middle-Aged Women in Fitness Centers [C] . Dolgova V., Kondratyeva O., Arzhilovskaya Ju., International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society . 2019

机译：健身中心中年女性关系的心理修正
5. Relative Age Effects: Exploring Possible Solutions and the Relationships Between Relative Age, Sport Participation, Education, and Indicators of Positive Youth Development [D] . Webdale, Kelly 2018

机译：相对年龄效应：探索可能的解决方案以及相对年龄，体育参与，教育和积极青年发展指标之间的关系
6. Changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lifespan: evidence from the Canadian National Population Health Survey [O] . Kenneth Rockwood, Xiaowei Song, Arnold Mitnitski 2011

机译：成人寿命中相对体质和虚弱的变化：来自加拿大全国人口健康调查的证据
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older Europeans

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