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The Dallol Geothermal Area Northern Afar (Ethiopia)—An Exceptional Planetary Field Analog on Earth

机译：北阿法尔（埃塞俄比亚）Dallol地热区—地球上异常的行星场模拟

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The Dallol volcano and its associated hydrothermal field are located in a remote area of the northern Danakil Depression in Ethiopia, a region only recently appraised after decades of inaccessibility due to severe political instability and the absence of infrastructure. The region is notable for hosting environments at the very edge of natural physical-chemical extremities. It is surrounded by a wide, hyperarid salt plain and is one of the hottest (average annual temperatureDallol: 36–38°C) and most acidic natural systems (pHDallol ≈0) on Earth. Spectacular geomorphologies and mineral deposits produced by supersaturated hydrothermal waters and brines are the result of complex interactions between active and inactive hydrothermal alteration of the bedrock, sulfuric hot springs and pools, fumaroles and geysers, and recrystallization processes driven by hydrothermal waters, degassing, and rapid evaporation.The study of planetary field analog environments plays a crucial role in characterizing the physical and chemical boundaries within which life can exist on Earth and other planets. It is essential for the definition and assessment of the conditions of habitability on other planets, including the possibility for biosignature preservation and in situ testing of technologies for life detection. The Dallol area represents an excellent Mars analog environment given that the active volcanic environment, the associated diffuse hydrothermalism and hydrothermal alteration, and the vast acidic sulfate deposits are reminiscent of past hydrothermal activity on Mars. The work presented in this paper is an overview of the Dallol volcanic area and its hydrothermal field that integrates previous literature with observations and results obtained from field surveys and monitoring coupled with sample characterization. In so doing, we highlight its exceptional potential as a planetary field analog as well as a site for future astrobiological and exploration programs.
机译：达洛火山及其相关的热液场位于埃塞俄比亚北部达纳基尔山pression陷的偏远地区，该地区直到最近由于严重的政治动荡和缺乏基础设施而进入数十年后才被评估。该地区以自然物理化学极端优势为宿主环境。它被宽阔的高盐平原环绕，是地球上最热的（年平均气温达洛尔：36–38°C）和最酸性的自然系统之一（pHDallol≈0）。过饱和热热水和盐水产生的壮观的地貌和矿床是基岩的有功和无功热液蚀变，硫温泉和水池，喷气孔和间歇泉以及由热水，驱气和快速驱动的重结晶过程之间复杂相互作用的结果。蒸发。行星场模拟环境的研究在表征地球和其他星球上可能存在生命的物理和化学边界方面起着至关重要的作用。这对于定义和评估其他星球上的宜居性条件至关重要，包括生物特征保存的可能性以及对生命探测技术的原位测试的可能性。鉴于活跃的火山环境，伴随的弥漫性水热作用和热液蚀变，以及巨大的酸性硫酸盐矿床让人回想起过去在火星上的热液活动，Dallol地区代表了极好的火星模拟环境。本文介绍的工作是对Dallol火山区及其热液场的概述，它将以前的文献与观测资料以及从现场调查和监测以及样品表征中获得的结果相结合。通过这样做，我们强调了其作为行星场类似物以及未来的天文生物学和勘探计划的场所的巨大潜力。

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