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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Nematology >Changes in Plant-Parasitic Nematode Populations in Pineapple Fields FollowingInter-Cycle Cover Crops
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Changes in Plant-Parasitic Nematode Populations in Pineapple Fields FollowingInter-Cycle Cover Crops

机译：植物寄生线虫的变化菠萝田以下种群周期间覆盖作物

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The use of plant-covers oat (Arena sativa L.), rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), and marigold (Tagetes patula L.) during pineapple inter-cycle planting periods was investigated at two sites (Kunia and Whitmore, Oahu, HI) as a potential means to reduce population densities of Rotylenchulus reniformis, Helicotylenchus dihystera, and Paratylenchus spp. Clean fallow and fallow covered with pineapple-plant residues (mulch) were the controls without plant-cover. Regardless of treatments, population densities of R. reniformis declined with time at both sites to low residue levels by the end of the 6-month period. Treatment means of R. reniformis population densities in the plant-cover treatments were lower than the controls' (P = 0.05). The plant-cover treatments also effected higher rates of R. reniformis population decline at both sites during the period, being 2.0 to 2.2 times that of the mulch control and 1.2 to 1.4 times that of the fallow control. Plant-covers' effect on H. dihystera during the same period at both sites was variable, resulting in decreased, unchanged, or increased population densities. The change was especially obvious in the oat-cover treatment, where H. dihystera population densities increased 9 to 15-fold at both sites. Population of Paratylenchus spp. was absent or present at low levels at the sites throughout the period. Biological activities antagonistic to R. reniformis at Kunia were estimated at the end of 6 months by comparing the extent of nematode's reproduction (on cowpea seedlings) in the treatment soils that had been subjected to autoclaving or freezing temperature. Although higher indices of antagonistic activities were observed in soils with prior plant-cover treatments than in soils from the controls, none of the treatments resulted in conferring soils the increased ability to suppress re-introduced R. reniformis populations or enhance subsequent pineapple-plant growth.
机译：在菠萝周期间种植期间，研究了植物覆盖燕麦（Arena sativa L.），罗得草（Chloris gayana Kunth），大豆（Glycine max [L.] Merr。）和万寿菊（Tagetes patula L.）的使用。在两个地点（Kunia和Whitmore，瓦胡岛，HI）作为降低轮虫轮虫，双螺旋藻和副钩虫种群密度的潜在手段。干净的休耕地和菠萝植物残渣覆盖的休耕地（覆盖物）是没有植物覆盖的对照。无论采用哪种治疗方法，到6个月结束时，两个地点的肾形假丝酵母的种群密度均随时间下降至低残留水平。在植物覆盖处理中，肾形目杜鹃种群密度的处理方法低于对照（P = 0.05）。在此期间，植物覆盖处理还导致两个地方的黑麦草种群下降率更高，分别是覆盖控制的2.0至2.2倍和休耕控制的1.2至1.4倍。同一时期，两个地点的植物覆盖物对H. dihystera的影响是可变的，从而导致种群密度降低，不变或增加。这种变化在燕麦覆盖处理中尤为明显，在该处理中，两个位置的H. dihystera种群密度增加了9至15倍。副伤寒菌的种群。在整个期间内，这些站点都不存在或水平很低。通过比较经过高压灭菌或冷冻温度的处理土壤中线虫的繁殖程度（在cow豆幼苗上），在6个月末评估了对Kunia的R. reniformis拮抗的生物活性。尽管在用先前植物覆盖处理的土壤中观察到的拮抗活性指数高于对照土壤，但没有一种处理能使土壤抑制再引入的R. reniformis种群或增强随后的菠萝植物生长的能力增强。 。

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