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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Antioxidants Redox Signaling >Nutritional Countermeasures Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Clinical Evidence
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Nutritional Countermeasures Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Clinical Evidence

机译：针对癌症中活性氧的营养对策：从机理到生物标志物及临床证据

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摘要

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 2157–2196.
机译：活性氧（ROS）发挥各种生物学作用，并在生理和病理过程中促成信号事件。 ROS水平升高与不同的肿瘤，西方生活方式和营养状况高度相关。在体外和体内的许多研究中，补充传统抗氧化剂的食物都可以预防癌症。但是，最近在营养丰富的人群中进行的大规模人体试验并未证实抗氧化剂在癌症中的有益作用，而一些人群的寿命与饮食中抗氧化剂含量的增加之间存在着公认的联系。尽管我们对ROS产生剂，ROS清除剂和ROS信号传导的了解有所提高，但有关营养，ROS水平和癌症之间直接联系的知识仍然有限。这些局限性部分是由于缺乏标准化可靠的ROS测量方法，易于使用的生物标记，对细胞区室中ROS作用的了解以及个体遗传易感性。本篇综述总结了癌症背景下由于常量营养素和抗氧化剂微量营养素的营养引起的ROS形成，并讨论了信号传导机制，使用的生物标志物及其局限性以及大规模的人体试验。抗氧化。氧化还原信号。 19，2157–2196。

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